Let's solve this
Functional Groups Worksheet step by step. The goal is to:
1. Identify the
name of the functional group.
2. Describe the
properties imparted to the molecule.
3.
Circle the functional group in the given molecular structure.
---
🔹 Row 1: Hydroxyl Group (–OH)
-
Name of Functional Group: Hydroxyl group
(shown as –OH)
-
Properties Imparted to Molecule:
- Makes the molecule
polar and capable of forming
hydrogen bonds.
- Increases
solubility in water.
- Can act as a
weak acid or
base, depending on context.
- Common in
alcohols and
sugars.
-
Circle the Functional Group:
In the molecule shown:
```
H H
| |
H-C-C-OH
| |
H H
```
→ Circle the
–OH group at the end of the right carbon.
✔ Answer: Circle the
–OH on the rightmost carbon.
---
🔹 Row 2: Carbonyl Group (C=O)
-
Name of Functional Group: Carbonyl group
(shown as –C=O)
-
Properties Imparted to Molecule:
- Highly
polar due to the double bond between C and O.
- Can participate in
nucleophilic addition reactions.
- Found in
aldehydes and
ketones.
- Affects
reactivity and
boiling point.
-
Circle the Functional Group:
Two molecules are shown:
1. `H–C–C(=O)–C–H` → carbonyl in the middle carbon.
2. `H–C–C–C(=O)` → carbonyl at the end carbon.
→ Circle the
C=O in both molecules.
✔ Answer: Circle the
double-bonded O to C in each molecule.
---
🔹 Row 3: Carboxyl Group (–COOH)
-
Name of Functional Group: Carboxyl group
(shown as –COOH or –C(=O)OH)
-
Properties Imparted to Molecule:
- Acts as a
weak acid (can donate H⁺).
- Can form
ionic bonds when deprotonated (–COO⁻).
- Important in
amino acids and
fatty acids.
- Increases
water solubility and
reactivity.
-
Circle the Functional Group:
Molecule shown:
```
H
|
H–C–C(=O)OH ⇌ –C(=O)O⁻ + H⁺
|
H
```
→ The carboxyl group is the
–COOH on the right carbon.
✔ Answer: Circle the
–COOH group (the carbon with double bond to O and single bond to OH).
---
🔹 Row 4: Amino Group (–NH₂)
-
Name of Functional Group: Amino group
(shown as –NH₂)
-
Properties Imparted to Molecule:
- Acts as a
base (can accept a proton, H⁺).
- Forms
ionic bonds when protonated (–NH₃⁺).
- Important in
amino acids and
proteins.
- Increases
solubility and
reactivity.
-
Circle the Functional Group:
Molecule shown:
```
O H
|| |
HO–C–C–N–H + H⁺ ⇌ –N⁺–H
| |
H H
```
→ The amino group is the
–NH₂ on the right carbon.
✔ Answer: Circle the
–NH₂ group (the nitrogen with two H atoms).
---
✔ Final Answer Summary Table:
| Name of Functional Group | Properties Imparted to Molecule | Circle the Functional Group |
|--------------------------|----------------------------------|------------------------------|
|
Hydroxyl (–OH) | Polar, forms H-bonds, increases water solubility | Circle
–OH in ethanol-like molecule |
|
Carbonyl (C=O) | Polar, reactive, found in aldehydes/ketones | Circle
C=O in both molecules |
|
Carboxyl (–COOH) | Weak acid, can donate H⁺, forms salts | Circle
–COOH group |
|
Amino (–NH₂) | Base, accepts H⁺, forms ammonium ion | Circle
–NH₂ group |
---
📝 Instructions for Filling Out the Worksheet:
1.
Fill in the "Properties" column using the explanations above.
2.
Draw a circle around the functional group in each molecule in the right-hand column.
> Example: For the hydroxyl group, draw a circle around the
–OH part of the molecule.
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Let me know if you'd like a printable version or a visual diagram!
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of functional group worksheet.
