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Functional Groups Worksheet that asks you to:
1.
Identify the name of the functional group.
2.
Describe the properties imparted to molecules by that group.
3.
Circle the functional group in given molecular structures.
Let’s go through each row and solve it step-by-step.
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Row 1: Sulfhydryl Group
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Name of Functional Group: Sulfhydryl group (–SH)
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Properties Imparted to Molecules:
- The sulfhydryl group is polar and can form
disulfide bonds (–S–S–) between two cysteine amino acids in proteins.
- These disulfide bonds are crucial for stabilizing protein tertiary structure.
- They contribute to
covalent bonding in proteins and can be oxidized or reduced, playing roles in redox reactions.
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Molecular Structure Given:
- The molecule shown is
cysteine, an amino acid with a side chain containing –SH.
- The
–SH group is circled in red.
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✔ Correctly identified.
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Row 2: Phosphate Group
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Name of Functional Group: Phosphate group
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Properties Imparted to Molecules:
- Phosphate groups are
highly polar and charged (usually negatively charged at physiological pH).
- They are key components of
nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) and
ATP.
- They contribute to
hydrophilicity,
stabilization of macromolecules, and
energy transfer (in ATP).
- Can participate in
phosphorylation reactions, which regulate enzyme activity and signaling pathways.
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Molecular Structure Given:
- The molecule shown is
a phosphate ester, likely part of a nucleotide.
- The
phosphate group (with O–P=O and negative charge) is circled in red.
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✔ Correctly identified.
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Row 3: Methyl Group
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Name of Functional Group: Methyl group (–CH₃)
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Properties Imparted to Molecules:
- Methyl groups are
nonpolar and hydrophobic.
- They do not form hydrogen bonds.
- Often involved in
methylation reactions (e.g., DNA methylation for gene regulation).
- Increase
lipophilicity of molecules, helping them cross cell membranes.
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Molecular Structure Given:
- The molecule shown is
methane (CH₄), but more importantly, the
methyl group is highlighted in the structure of a larger molecule — possibly
an amino acid like
methionine or a methylated compound.
- The
–CH₃ group is circled in red.
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✔ Correctly identified.
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Summary Table
| Functional Group | Properties Imparted | Circled Correctly? |
|------------------|----------------------|--------------------|
| Sulfhydryl (–SH) | Forms disulfide bonds; involved in protein folding and redox reactions |
✔ Yes |
| Phosphate (–OPO₃²⁻) | Charged, hydrophilic; involved in energy transfer and nucleic acid backbone |
✔ Yes |
| Methyl (–CH₃) | Nonpolar, hydrophobic; affects solubility and gene regulation via methylation |
✔ Yes |
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Final Answer:
✔ All three functional groups are correctly named, their properties are accurately described, and the
circles in the structures correctly highlight the functional groups.
If this was a student worksheet, the answers are
correct as filled in.
Let me know if you'd like a version of this worksheet with explanations added or if you want to explore any of these functional groups in more depth!
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of functional groups worksheet.
