Science worksheet focusing on coal and petroleum, including multiple-choice questions, true/false statements, and fill-in-the-blank exercises.

Let's solve the worksheet step by step and provide explanations for each answer.

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1. Tick (✓) the correct option for each of the following.

#### (a) Coal is processed in industries to get some useful products. Which of the following is not obtained from coal?

- (i) coke ✔
- (ii) coal tar ✔
- (iii) coal gas ✔
- (iv) CNG ✘

✔ Answer: (iv) CNG

> Explanation:
Coke, coal tar, and coal gas are all by-products of coal processing (especially in destructive distillation). However, CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) is not derived from coal. It comes from natural gas deposits, primarily methane, found underground. So, CNG is not obtained from coal.

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#### (b) Petroleum was formed from the organisms _______ millions of years ago.

- (i) living on the land ✘
- (ii) living on the plants ✘
- (iii) living in the sea ✔
- (iv) living on the rocks ✘

✔ Answer: (iii) living in the sea

> Explanation:
Petroleum is formed from the remains of marine organisms (like tiny plants and animals) that lived in the sea millions of years ago. These organic materials got buried under sediment and transformed into petroleum over time due to heat and pressure.

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#### (c) Coal is formed from the remains of

- (i) vegetation only ✔
- (ii) animals only ✘
- (iii) both vegetation and animals ✘
- (iv) neither vegetation nor animals ✘

✔ Answer: (i) vegetation only

> Explanation:
Coal is formed from the decomposed remains of ancient plants, especially in swampy areas. Over millions of years, these plant materials were compressed and transformed into coal. Animals do not contribute significantly to coal formation.

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#### (d) Which of the following is not a constituent of petroleum?

- (i) paraffin wax ✔
- (ii) lubricating oil ✔
- (iii) petrol ✔
- (iv) coke ✘

✔ Answer: (iv) coke

> Explanation:
Petroleum refining produces various products like petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc. Coke is a solid residue obtained from coal, not from petroleum. So, it is not a constituent of petroleum.

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2. State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).

#### (a) CNG is not used for power generation.
✘ False

> Explanation:
CNG is used for power generation in some power plants and also in vehicles. It burns cleanly and is used as an alternative fuel.

#### (b) CNG is used as a fuel in vehicles as it emits less smoke.
✔ True

> Explanation:
CNG burns more cleanly than petrol or diesel, producing fewer pollutants and less smoke. That’s why it is promoted for use in vehicles.

#### (c) Coal is used for both domestic and industrial purposes.
✔ True

> Explanation:
Coal is used domestically for cooking and heating, and industrially in power plants, steel production, etc.

#### (d) LPG cannot be used for domestic purpose as it is highly combustible.
✘ False

> Explanation:
LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is widely used for domestic purposes like cooking. Although it is highly combustible, it is safe when handled properly with proper safety measures.

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3. Give one or two word answer for the following.

#### (a) A mixture of solid, liquid and gas of hydrocarbon
👉 Petroleum or Crude oil

> Explanation:
Petroleum is a naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbons in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms.

#### (b) Refining process of crude oil
👉 Fractional distillation

> Explanation:
Crude oil is separated into different fractions (like petrol, diesel, kerosene) using fractional distillation based on boiling points.

#### (c) Materials living or dead present on the earth that are used for various purpose.
👉 Natural resources

> Explanation:
Natural resources include all materials from nature (like coal, petroleum, water, minerals) that are used by humans.

#### (d) A cheap fuel used in rural population.
👉 Firewood or Cow dung cakes

> Explanation:
In rural areas, firewood and cow dung cakes are commonly used as cheap fuels for cooking.

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4. Fill in the blanks and complete the story about coal.

#### (a) Coal is one of the common _____________ used to cook food.
👉 Fuels

> Explanation:
Coal is a fossil fuel used in homes and industries, including for cooking food, especially in rural areas.

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✔ Final Answers Summary:

#### 1.
- (a) (iv) CNG
- (b) (iii) living in the sea
- (c) (i) vegetation only
- (d) (iv) coke

#### 2.
- (a) False
- (b) True
- (c) True
- (d) False

#### 3.
- (a) Petroleum / Crude oil
- (b) Fractional distillation
- (c) Natural resources
- (d) Firewood / Cow dung cakes

#### 4.
- (a) Fuels

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