1. Define acid and base using the Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry definitions.
- Arrhenius Acid: A substance that dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions (H⁺).
- Arrhenius Base: A substance that dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
- Brønsted-Lowry Acid: A proton (H⁺) donor.
- Brønsted-Lowry Base: A proton (H⁺) acceptor.
2. Acids taste sour and bases taste bitter, bases also feel slippery.
3. Acids turn litmus paper red, bases turn litmus paper blue and phenolphthalein pink.
4. Circle: Weak acids are weak electrolytes. A weak electrolyte is a poor conductor of electricity.
5. Identify each of the following as an Arrhenius acid (A), Arrhenius base (B), or salt (S).
i. NaCl — S
ii. KOH — B
iii. HCl — A
iv. Mg(OH)₂ — B
v. MgCl₂ — S
vi. H₂SO₄ — A
6. List uses of acids in the industry.
- Sulfuric acid: fertilizer production, battery acid, metal processing.
- Hydrochloric acid: steel pickling, pH control, food processing.
- Nitric acid: explosives, fertilizers, dyes.
- Phosphoric acid: soft drinks, detergents, rust removal.
7. List examples of common acids and bases found in a home or store.
Acids:
- Vinegar (acetic acid)
- Lemon juice (citric acid)
- Battery acid (sulfuric acid)
- Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
Base:
- Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)
- Ammonia cleaner
- Drain cleaner (sodium hydroxide)
- Milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide)
8. Label the Brønsted-Lowry acid and base from the following reactions.
i. H₂SO₄ + OH⁻ → HSO₄⁻ + H₂O
Acid: H₂SO₄
Base: OH⁻
Conjugate base: HSO₄⁻
Conjugate acid: H₂O
ii. OH⁻ + H₃O⁺ → H₂O + H₂O
Base: OH⁻
Acid: H₃O⁺
Conjugate acid: H₂O
Conjugate base: H₂O
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of identifying acid and base worksheet.
