Independent and Dependent variables worksheet - Free Printable
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Step-by-step solution for: Independent and Dependent variables worksheet
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Show Answer Key & Explanations
Step-by-step solution for: Independent and Dependent variables worksheet
Let's go through each item and identify the independent variable (I), dependent variable (D), and constants (C).
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- Independent Variable (I): The factor that is deliberately changed or manipulated by the experimenter.
- Dependent Variable (D): The outcome that is measured or observed; it depends on the independent variable.
- Constants (C): Factors that are kept the same throughout the experiment to ensure a fair test.
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Now, let’s solve each one:
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1. A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car.
- I: Type of tire tread
- D: Braking distance
- C: Car model, speed, road conditions, driver, weight of car, brake condition
> *Explanation:* The researcher changes the tire tread (I), then measures how far the car travels before stopping (D). Other factors must remain constant to isolate the effect of the tread.
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2. The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed.
- I: Running speed
- D: Time to run a mile
- C: Distance (1 mile), terrain, weather, runner’s health/condition (assumed consistent)
> *Explanation:* Speed is varied, and time is measured. Distance is fixed at 1 mile, so it's a constant.
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3. The height of bean plants depends on the amount of water they receive.
- I: Amount of water
- D: Height of bean plants
- C: Type of plant, sunlight, soil type, temperature, pot size, fertilizer
> *Explanation:* Water amount is changed; plant height is measured. All other growing conditions should be held constant.
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4. The higher the temperature of the air in the oven, the faster a cake will bake.
- I: Oven temperature
- D: Baking time (or speed of baking)
- C: Recipe (amount of ingredients), oven type, cake size, altitude, humidity
> *Explanation:* Temperature is manipulated; baking time is observed. Other recipe and environmental factors are kept constant.
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5. Lemon trees receiving the most water produced the most lemons.
- I: Amount of water
- D: Number of lemons produced
- C: Type of lemon tree, sunlight, soil, fertilizer, climate, tree age
> *Explanation:* Water is the manipulated variable; fruit production is the result. Other factors should be equal.
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6. An investigation found that more bushels of potatoes were produced when the soil was fertilized more.
- I: Amount of fertilizer
- D: Bushels of potatoes produced
- C: Soil type, planting depth, water amount, sunlight, potato variety, spacing
> *Explanation:* Fertilizer level is changed; yield is measured. Other growing conditions are controlled.
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7. Students measured the temperature of the water at different depths in Lake Skywalker and found that the temperature varied.
- I: Depth in the lake
- D: Water temperature
- C: Location in lake, time of day, season, water source, measurement method
> *Explanation:* Depth is the variable being tested; temperature is the result. Other factors like location and time are kept constant.
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8. The amount of pollution produced by cars was measured for cars using gasoline containing different amounts of lead.
- I: Amount of lead in gasoline
- D: Amount of pollution produced
- C: Car model, driving conditions, engine type, fuel efficiency, speed, distance driven
> *Explanation:* Lead content in fuel is varied; pollution output is measured. Car and driving conditions are controlled.
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9. Four groups of rats are first massed and then fed identical diets except for the amount of vitamin A they receive. Each group gets a different amount. After 3 weeks on the diet, the rats’ masses are measured again to see if there has been a decrease.
- I: Amount of vitamin A in diet
- D: Change in rat mass (or final mass)
- C: Diet (except vitamin A), initial mass, age, species, environment, duration, housing conditions
> *Explanation:* Vitamin A amount is changed; change in body mass is measured. All other aspects of care and diet are identical.
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| # | I | D | C |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Type of tire tread | Braking distance | Car model, speed, road conditions, etc. |
| 2 | Running speed | Time to run a mile | Distance (1 mile), terrain, weather |
| 3 | Amount of water | Height of bean plants | Plant type, sunlight, soil, temp, etc. |
| 4 | Oven temperature | Baking time | Recipe, cake size, oven type |
| 5 | Amount of water | Number of lemons | Tree type, sunlight, soil, etc. |
| 6 | Amount of fertilizer | Bushels of potatoes | Soil type, water, sunlight, etc. |
| 7 | Depth in lake | Water temperature | Location, time, season |
| 8 | Amount of lead in gasoline | Amount of pollution | Car model, driving conditions |
| 9 | Amount of vitamin A | Change in rat mass | Diet (other than A), initial mass, environment |
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Let me know if you'd like this formatted as a printable answer sheet!
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Definitions:
- Independent Variable (I): The factor that is deliberately changed or manipulated by the experimenter.
- Dependent Variable (D): The outcome that is measured or observed; it depends on the independent variable.
- Constants (C): Factors that are kept the same throughout the experiment to ensure a fair test.
---
Now, let’s solve each one:
---
1. A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car.
- I: Type of tire tread
- D: Braking distance
- C: Car model, speed, road conditions, driver, weight of car, brake condition
> *Explanation:* The researcher changes the tire tread (I), then measures how far the car travels before stopping (D). Other factors must remain constant to isolate the effect of the tread.
---
2. The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed.
- I: Running speed
- D: Time to run a mile
- C: Distance (1 mile), terrain, weather, runner’s health/condition (assumed consistent)
> *Explanation:* Speed is varied, and time is measured. Distance is fixed at 1 mile, so it's a constant.
---
3. The height of bean plants depends on the amount of water they receive.
- I: Amount of water
- D: Height of bean plants
- C: Type of plant, sunlight, soil type, temperature, pot size, fertilizer
> *Explanation:* Water amount is changed; plant height is measured. All other growing conditions should be held constant.
---
4. The higher the temperature of the air in the oven, the faster a cake will bake.
- I: Oven temperature
- D: Baking time (or speed of baking)
- C: Recipe (amount of ingredients), oven type, cake size, altitude, humidity
> *Explanation:* Temperature is manipulated; baking time is observed. Other recipe and environmental factors are kept constant.
---
5. Lemon trees receiving the most water produced the most lemons.
- I: Amount of water
- D: Number of lemons produced
- C: Type of lemon tree, sunlight, soil, fertilizer, climate, tree age
> *Explanation:* Water is the manipulated variable; fruit production is the result. Other factors should be equal.
---
6. An investigation found that more bushels of potatoes were produced when the soil was fertilized more.
- I: Amount of fertilizer
- D: Bushels of potatoes produced
- C: Soil type, planting depth, water amount, sunlight, potato variety, spacing
> *Explanation:* Fertilizer level is changed; yield is measured. Other growing conditions are controlled.
---
7. Students measured the temperature of the water at different depths in Lake Skywalker and found that the temperature varied.
- I: Depth in the lake
- D: Water temperature
- C: Location in lake, time of day, season, water source, measurement method
> *Explanation:* Depth is the variable being tested; temperature is the result. Other factors like location and time are kept constant.
---
8. The amount of pollution produced by cars was measured for cars using gasoline containing different amounts of lead.
- I: Amount of lead in gasoline
- D: Amount of pollution produced
- C: Car model, driving conditions, engine type, fuel efficiency, speed, distance driven
> *Explanation:* Lead content in fuel is varied; pollution output is measured. Car and driving conditions are controlled.
---
9. Four groups of rats are first massed and then fed identical diets except for the amount of vitamin A they receive. Each group gets a different amount. After 3 weeks on the diet, the rats’ masses are measured again to see if there has been a decrease.
- I: Amount of vitamin A in diet
- D: Change in rat mass (or final mass)
- C: Diet (except vitamin A), initial mass, age, species, environment, duration, housing conditions
> *Explanation:* Vitamin A amount is changed; change in body mass is measured. All other aspects of care and diet are identical.
---
✔ Final Answers:
| # | I | D | C |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Type of tire tread | Braking distance | Car model, speed, road conditions, etc. |
| 2 | Running speed | Time to run a mile | Distance (1 mile), terrain, weather |
| 3 | Amount of water | Height of bean plants | Plant type, sunlight, soil, temp, etc. |
| 4 | Oven temperature | Baking time | Recipe, cake size, oven type |
| 5 | Amount of water | Number of lemons | Tree type, sunlight, soil, etc. |
| 6 | Amount of fertilizer | Bushels of potatoes | Soil type, water, sunlight, etc. |
| 7 | Depth in lake | Water temperature | Location, time, season |
| 8 | Amount of lead in gasoline | Amount of pollution | Car model, driving conditions |
| 9 | Amount of vitamin A | Change in rat mass | Diet (other than A), initial mass, environment |
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Let me know if you'd like this formatted as a printable answer sheet!
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of identifying independent and dependent variables worksheet.
