Interactive worksheet for identifying independent and dependent variables in scientific hypotheses.

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Let me go through each hypothesis and identify the independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV) for each. Then I'll explain the reasoning.

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🔹 Hypothesis 1:

> *A student who regularly plays video games will have better hand-eye coordination than students who don’t.*

- Independent Variable (IV): Whether or not the student plays video games regularly
*(This is what is being manipulated or changed.)*

- Dependent Variable (DV): Hand-eye coordination
*(This is what is being measured or observed as a result.)*

✔ Explanation: The researcher is testing if playing video games (IV) affects hand-eye coordination (DV).

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🔹 Hypothesis 2:

> *Houseplants in apartments with more sunlight will grow faster than those with less sunlight.*

- Independent Variable (IV): Amount of sunlight
*(The factor being changed — more vs. less sunlight.)*

- Dependent Variable (DV): Growth rate of houseplants
*(How fast they grow — this is measured.)*

✔ Explanation: Sunlight exposure (IV) is expected to influence growth speed (DV).

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🔹 Hypothesis 3:

> *Students who watch TV for longer periods each day have lower grades than those who watch for shorter periods.*

- Independent Variable (IV): Length of time spent watching TV
*(The amount of TV viewing is varied.)*

- Dependent Variable (DV): Grades
*(Academic performance is measured.)*

✔ Explanation: The hypothesis suggests that TV watching time (IV) impacts grades (DV).

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🔹 Hypothesis 4:

> *If a person’s sleeping period is too short, their cognitive abilities are affected.*

- Independent Variable (IV): Length of sleep
*(Short vs. long sleep duration.)*

- Dependent Variable (DV): Cognitive abilities
*(Memory, attention, problem-solving — these are tested.)*

✔ Explanation: Sleep duration (IV) is thought to affect mental performance (DV).

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🔹 Hypothesis 5:

> *Students who study with flashcards will remember more information than those who do not.*

- Independent Variable (IV): Use of flashcards during studying
*(Whether or not flashcards are used.)*

- Dependent Variable (DV): Amount of information remembered
*(Measured by test scores or recall.)*

✔ Explanation: Flashcard use (IV) is expected to improve memory (DV).

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🔹 Hypothesis 6:

> *If a child is fed while crying, then he or she will learn to cry more often.*

- Independent Variable (IV): Feeding the child while crying
*(The action being tested — whether feeding happens during crying.)*

- Dependent Variable (DV): Frequency of crying
*(How often the child cries — this is measured.)*

✔ Explanation: The behavior of feeding during crying (IV) is believed to increase crying frequency (DV).

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🎯 DONUTS Challenge Question:

> *What do you notice about the way the independent and dependent variables are located in each of the hypotheses above?*

🔹 Answer:
In each hypothesis, the independent variable is typically the cause or condition being changed, and it usually appears before the effect in the sentence. The dependent variable is the outcome being measured and often follows the word "will," "affects," "results in," or similar.

For example:
- “If [IV], then [DV]” structure
- Or “More [IV] leads to better/worse [DV]”

💡 So, the IV is the cause, and the DV is the effect.

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✔ Summary Table:

| Hypothesis | Independent Variable (IV) | Dependent Variable (DV) |
|-----------|----------------------------|--------------------------|
| 1 | Playing video games regularly | Hand-eye coordination |
| 2 | Amount of sunlight | Growth rate of plants |
| 3 | Time spent watching TV | Academic grades |
| 4 | Length of sleep | Cognitive abilities |
| 5 | Using flashcards | Information remembered |
| 6 | Feeding during crying | Frequency of crying |

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Let me know if you’d like this formatted into a printable answer sheet or need help writing a hypothesis from scratch!