Worksheet titled "Variables Worksheet" with five scenarios where students must identify independent variables, dependent variables, and controls for each experiment.

Let's go through each experiment and identify the Independent Variable (IV), Dependent Variable (DV), Control, and Constants where applicable.

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1. Katiana’s Bean Experiment

Scenario: Katiana tested different liquids (Coca-Cola, lemonade, water) to see which helped beans grow best. She measured height after one week.

- a. Independent Variable (IV):
*Type of liquid used to water the beans*
→ This is what she changed (Coca-Cola, lemonade, water).

- b. Dependent Variable (DV):
*Height of the bean plants*
→ This is what she measured (how much they grew).

- c. Control:
*The plant watered with just water*
→ Water is the standard or normal condition; it serves as a baseline for comparison.

> ✔ Note: The control group is the one without any experimental treatment (in this case, plain water), so we can compare other treatments to it.

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2. Trevor’s Marigold Fertilizer Experiment

Scenario: Trevor tested Miracle Grow, Scotts fertilizer, and no fertilizer on marigolds.

- a. Independent Variable (IV):
*Type of fertilizer used*
→ He changed the fertilizer type.

- b. Dependent Variable (DV):
*Growth of marigolds (or how well they grew)*
→ Measured outcome (e.g., height, health, bloom count).

- c. Control:
*The plant with no fertilizer*
→ This group has no treatment, allowing comparison to see if fertilizers actually help.

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3. Taylor’s Apple & Grades Experiment

Scenario: Taylor ate increasing numbers of apples over 4 days and recorded her science grades.

- a. Independent Variable (IV):
*Number of apples eaten per day*
→ She intentionally changed this.

- b. Dependent Variable (DV):
*Science grades (or test scores)*
→ What was being observed/recorded.

- c. Control:
*Day 1 (no apples eaten)*
→ This is the baseline condition where no apples were consumed, serving as a control.

> 📌 Note: The "control" here is the first day when no apples were eaten — it's the starting point for comparison.

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4. CJ’s Music & Basketball Baskets Experiment

Scenario: CJ tested whether music affects basketball basket-making by playing no music, rap, or classical music.

- a. Independent Variable (IV):
*Type of music played* (no music, rap, classical)

- b. Dependent Variable (DV):
*Number of baskets made in 10 minutes*

- c. Control:
*Day 1 (no music)*
→ This is the baseline condition where no music was played.

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5. Michael’s Kitchen Cleaner Experiment

Scenario: Michael tested Lysol, Clorox, Pinesol, and water to clean grape juice from counters.

- a. Independent Variable (IV):
*Type of cleaner used* (Lysol, Clorox, Pinesol, water)

- b. Dependent Variable (DV):
*Effectiveness of cleaning (how well the grape juice was removed)*
→ Could be judged by visibility, residue, etc.

- c. Control:
*Using just water*
→ Water is the baseline cleaning agent with no added chemicals.

- d. Constants:
- Amount of grape juice (5 mL)
- Type of surface (countertop)
- Method of application (sprayed and wiped)
- Type of paper towel used
- Wiping technique

> 🔍 Constants are factors kept the same across all trials so only the independent variable affects the result.

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✔ Final Answers:

#### 1. Katiana
- a. IV: Type of liquid (Coca-Cola, lemonade, water)
- b. DV: Height of bean plants
- c. Control: Water

#### 2. Trevor
- a. IV: Type of fertilizer (Miracle Grow, Scotts, none)
- b. DV: Growth of marigolds
- c. Control: No fertilizer

#### 3. Taylor
- a. IV: Number of apples eaten per day
- b. DV: Science grades
- c. Control: Day 1 (no apples)

#### 4. CJ
- a. IV: Type of music (none, rap, classical)
- b. DV: Number of baskets made
- c. Control: No music

#### 5. Michael
- a. IV: Type of cleaner (Lysol, Clorox, Pinesol, water)
- b. DV: Effectiveness of cleaning (cleanliness of counter)
- c. Control: Water
- d. Constants: 5 mL grape juice, same countertop, same spraying method, same paper towel, same wiping technique

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