Science worksheet identifying variables in experimental setups.

It looks like you've uploaded a document with several science experiment scenarios, and for each one, you're asked to identify the Independent Variable (IV), Dependent Variable (DV), and Constants. Let's go through each question one by one and solve them with clear explanations.

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5. Jessica wanted to see what kitchen cleaner worked best for cleaning her counters. She used: Liquid, Clorox, and just water. For each cleaner, she put 5 milliliters of grape juice on the counter, sprayed the cleaner, and wiped it with one paper towel.

- Independent Variable (IV): The type of cleaner used (Liquid, Clorox, or water)
→ This is what Jessica changed in the experiment.

- Dependent Variable (DV): How well the cleaner removed the grape juice (cleanliness of the counter)
→ This is what was measured or observed.

- Constants:
- Amount of grape juice (5 mL)
- Type of surface (counter)
- Method of application (sprayed and wiped with one paper towel)
→ These are kept the same to ensure a fair test.

✔ Answer:
- IV: Type of cleaner
- DV: Cleanliness of the counter
- Constants: Amount of grape juice, surface, wiping method

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6. Evan wanted to find out what toothpaste made teeth the cleanest. Everyday he brushed his teeth with a different product and then took a plaque test to see how much plaque was left. He used Crest, Colgate, and water.

- Independent Variable (IV): Type of toothpaste (Crest, Colgate, water)
→ What was changed.

- Dependent Variable (DV): Amount of plaque left after brushing
→ What was measured.

- Constants:
- Brushing time and technique
- Toothbrush used
- Frequency of brushing (every day)
- Plaque testing method
→ These were likely kept consistent.

✔ Answer:
- IV: Type of toothpaste
- DV: Amount of plaque remaining
- Constants: Brushing method, time, toothbrush, testing method

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7. Angelique wanted to find out what shampoo made her hair the shiniest. Everyday she washed her hair with different shampoos and then rated how shiny her hair was on a scale from 1–10. She used Pantene, Herbal Essences, L’Oreal, and just water.

- Independent Variable (IV): Type of shampoo used (Pantene, Herbal Essences, L’Oreal, water)
→ Changed variable.

- Dependent Variable (DV): Shiny rating (on a scale of 1–10)
→ Measured outcome.

- Constants:
- Hair washing method
- Water temperature
- Time spent washing
- Rating scale and person doing the rating
→ Kept constant to isolate the effect of shampoo.

✔ Answer:
- IV: Type of shampoo
- DV: Hair shine rating
- Constants: Washing method, water temp, rating scale

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8. Harrison wanted to find out what soil works best for growing roses. He grew them in potting soil, clay, sand, and loam and found out how much they grew after one week. After one week, he measured their height and how many leaves they had.

- Independent Variable (IV): Type of soil (potting soil, clay, sand, loam)
→ What was changed.

- Dependent Variable (DV): Growth of the roses (height and number of leaves)
→ What was measured.

- Constants:
- Type of plant (roses)
- Amount of sunlight
- Water amount and frequency
- Pot size
- Duration of experiment (one week)
→ All kept the same.

✔ Answer:
- IV: Type of soil
- DV: Height and number of leaves
- Constants: Plant type, light, water, pot size, time

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9. Emily wanted to see what battery lasted the longest. She put each battery into a clock and recorded the time that the clock stopped. She used Duracell, Energizer, Kroger brand, and EverReady.

- Independent Variable (IV): Type of battery (Duracell, Energizer, Kroger, EverReady)
→ What was changed.

- Dependent Variable (DV): How long the clock ran (time until it stopped)
→ What was measured.

- Constants:
- Type of device (clock)
- Battery placement (same position)
- Initial conditions of the clock
→ Ensures only battery type affects results.

✔ Answer:
- IV: Type of battery
- DV: Time the clock ran before stopping
- Constants: Clock type, setup, initial conditions

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✔ Summary Table:

| Question | IV | DV | Constants |
|--------|-----|-----|----------|
| 5 | Type of cleaner | Cleanliness of counter | Grape juice amount, surface, wipe method |
| 6 | Type of toothpaste | Amount of plaque left | Brushing method, toothbrush, time |
| 7 | Type of shampoo | Hair shine rating | Washing method, water temp, rating scale |
| 8 | Type of soil | Height and number of leaves | Plant type, water, light, pot size |
| 9 | Type of battery | Time clock ran | Clock type, setup |

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