Variables worksheet for students to practice identifying independent, dependent, and control variables in science experiments.

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VARIABLES WORKSHEET

For each experiment, write down the independent variable (IV), dependent variable (DV), and control.

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#### 1. Becky wanted to figure out what type of liquid worked best for growing beans. She watered one with chocolate milk, one with lemonade, and one with just water. After one week, she measured how high they had grown.

- Independent Variable (IV): Type of liquid used to water the beans
*(This is what Becky changed: chocolate milk, lemonade, water)*

- Dependent Variable (DV): Height of the bean plants after one week
*(This is what was measured — the outcome)*

- Control: The plant watered with just water
*(This is the standard condition — plain water is the baseline for comparison)*

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#### 2. Jason wanted to find out what fertilizer worked best for growing marigolds. He put Miracle Grow on one, Scotts fertilizer on one, and no fertilizer on another.

- Independent Variable (IV): Type of fertilizer used (Miracle Grow, Scotts, none)
*(What Jason changed between the plants)*

- Dependent Variable (DV): Growth of the marigolds (e.g., height, number of flowers, etc.)
*(What he measured to see the effect)*

- Control: The plant with no fertilizer
*(This is the baseline to compare against the fertilized plants)*

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#### 3. Shania wanted to see if eating apples would help her do better on her classwork. The first day, she didn’t eat any apples. On day 2, she ate one apple; on day 3, she ate 2 apples; and on day 4, she ate 3 apples. Each day, she recorded the grades she got on her science work.

- Independent Variable (IV): Number of apples eaten per day
*(This is what Shania changed: 0, 1, 2, 3 apples)*

- Dependent Variable (DV): Science grades (scores on assignments)
*(This is what was measured to see the effect of eating apples)*

- Control: Day 1 (no apples eaten)
*(This is the baseline — no intervention, so it's the control condition)*

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#### 4. Reekwon wanted to see if listening to music would make the basketball players more accurate. On day one, he didn’t play any music and counted how many baskets they could make in 10 minutes. On day 2, he played rap music and counted the baskets, and on day 3, he played classical music and counted the baskets.

- Independent Variable (IV): Type of music played (none, rap, classical)
*(What Reekwon changed between days)*

- Dependent Variable (DV): Number of baskets made in 10 minutes
*(What was measured as the outcome)*

- Control: Day 1 (no music played)
*(This is the baseline condition without music)*

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✔ Summary Table:

| Question | IV | DV | Control |
|--------|----|----|---------|
| 1 | Type of liquid | Plant height | Water |
| 2 | Type of fertilizer | Marigold growth | No fertilizer |
| 3 | Number of apples eaten | Science grades | No apples (Day 1) |
| 4 | Type of music | Number of baskets | No music (Day 1) |

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🔍 Explanation of Variables:

- Independent Variable (IV): The factor that the experimenter changes or manipulates.
- Dependent Variable (DV): The outcome that is measured to see how it responds to the IV.
- Control: The condition where no experimental treatment is applied (or a standard baseline), used for comparison.

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