Unit 13: Latitude and Longitude - Explanation of lines of latitude and longitude, including the equator, poles, and hemispheres.

Let’s go step by step to match each description with the correct term based on the text and diagrams.

We are given 7 descriptions (a through g) and need to fill in the blanks using terms from the lesson:
- North Pole / South Pole
- Northern Hemisphere / Southern Hemisphere / Eastern Hemisphere / Western Hemisphere
- Equator
- Line of latitude / Line of longitude

Also, note that some lines divide hemispheres or run pole-to-pole.

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Step-by-step matching:

a) _________ the Pole
Looking at the diagram on the right, there’s an arrow pointing to the top point — that’s the North Pole. The bottom would be South Pole, but since it says “the Pole” without specifying, and the diagram shows North Pole at top, we’ll assume this is referring to North. But wait — let’s check all options first.

Actually, looking again: the blank is before “the Pole”, so likely it’s asking for which pole? But in context of the diagram, the top one is labeled “North Pole”. However, maybe it’s just asking for “North” as in “North the Pole”? That doesn’t make sense.

Wait — perhaps it’s “North” as in direction? Let me re-read.

Actually, looking at the structure:

The blanks are meant to be filled with words like “North”, “Southern”, “Equator”, etc., to complete phrases like:

a) [Word] the Pole → probably “North” → “North the Pole” → no, that’s not grammatical.

Wait — maybe it’s “at the Pole”? No.

Hold on — look at the diagram on the right side of the page. There’s a globe with arrows pointing to different parts. The labels next to the arrows might help.

But actually, the exercise is designed so you use the vocabulary from the text.

Let’s list possible answers from the text:

From the text:
- Lines of latitude → run parallel, equator is 0°, divides Northern/Southern Hemispheres
- Lines of longitude → run from North Pole to South Pole, 0° and 180° divide Eastern/Western Hemispheres
- Equator = 0° latitude
- Prime Meridian = 0° longitude (Greenwich)
- Poles: North Pole (90°N), South Pole (90°S)

Now, look at the descriptions:

a) _________ the Pole
This is tricky. Maybe it’s “North” → meaning “North Pole”? But the phrase is “_________ the Pole”. Perhaps it’s “At the Pole”? Not matching.

Wait — maybe it’s “Near the Pole”? Still not.

Another idea: perhaps it’s “Above the Pole” or “Below”? Not helpful.

Let’s skip and come back.

b) _________ the Hemisphere
Could be “Northern”, “Southern”, “Eastern”, “Western”

c) _________ a line going from Pole to Pole → This must be longitude, because the text says: “Lines of longitude run from the North Pole to the South Pole.”

So c) = Longitude

d) _________ the line going round the middle → The equator goes around the middle (0° latitude). So d) = Equator

e) _________ a line going around the globe → Could be latitude or longitude? But latitude lines go around the globe parallel to equator. Longitude also go around but they’re half-circles from pole to pole. Actually, both go around, but typically “going around the globe” refers to full circles — which latitudes do (except poles). Longitudes are semicircles.

But the text says: “Lines of latitude run parallel to each other around the earth.” So e) could be Latitude

But let’s see f and g.

f) _________ the Hemisphere → another hemisphere

g) _________ the Pole → similar to a)

Also, note the diagram on the right has arrows pointing to:

Top: North Pole
Bottom: South Pole
Middle horizontal: Equator
Vertical line: Prime Meridian (0° longitude) dividing Eastern and Western Hemispheres

And the globe is split into left/right for East/West, top/bottom for North/South.

Now, looking at the arrows in the exercise diagram (bottom right):

There are 7 arrows labeled a to g pointing to different parts of a circle (representing Earth).

Assuming standard orientation:

- Top point: North Pole → so a) points to top → should be “North” → “North the Pole” → still awkward.

Wait — perhaps the blank is for the word that completes the phrase correctly.

Maybe:

a) North the Pole → meaning “North Pole” — but written as two words? Unlikely.

Alternative interpretation: perhaps the blank is for the type of line or feature.

Let me try to map based on common knowledge and text:

From text:

- Latitude lines: run east-west, parallel, measure north-south position
- Longitude lines: run north-south, converge at poles, measure east-west position
- Equator: 0° latitude, divides N/S hemispheres
- Prime Meridian: 0° longitude, divides E/W hemispheres
- Hemispheres: Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western

Now, descriptions:

c) “a line going from Pole to Pole” → definitely longitude

d) “the line going round the middle” → equator

e) “a line going around the globe” → if it's a full circle, it's latitude (since longitudes are half-circles)

f) “_________ the Hemisphere” → could be “Eastern” or “Western” — depending on where the arrow points. In the diagram, if f is pointing to the right half, it’s Eastern; left half is Western.

Similarly, b) “_________ the Hemisphere” → if pointing to top half, Northern; bottom half, Southern.

g) “_________ the Pole” → if pointing to bottom, South; top, North.

a) same as g? Or different?

Looking at the diagram layout (even though I can't see it, based on standard exercises):

Typically:

- a) top → North Pole → so "North"
- b) upper half → Northern Hemisphere → "Northern"
- c) vertical line → longitude
- d) middle horizontal → equator
- e) any horizontal line → latitude
- f) right half → Eastern Hemisphere → "Eastern"
- g) bottom → South Pole → "South"

That makes sense.

Confirm with text:

- “Lines of longitude run from the North Pole to the South Pole.” → matches c)
- “The equator is the 0 degree line of latitude... divides the world into two hemispheres - the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.” → d) is equator
- “A line of latitude is always north or south...” and they go around → e) latitude
- Hemispheres: Northern/Southern (divided by equator), Eastern/Western (divided by 0° and 180° longitude)

In the diagram, if f is pointing to the eastern part, then "Eastern", and if b is northern, then "Northern".

For poles: a) top → North, g) bottom → South.

So final mapping:

a) North
b) Northern
c) Longitude
d) Equator
e) Latitude
f) Eastern
g) South

But let’s double-check f and b.

If the globe is divided vertically by the prime meridian, then left is Western, right is Eastern. If the arrow for f is pointing to the right side, then Eastern. Similarly, if b is pointing to the top half, Northern.

Yes.

Also, note that in the text, it says: “The 0 degree line and the 180 degree line divide the world into two hemispheres called the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere.”

So f) is likely “Eastern” assuming the arrow points to the eastern side.

Similarly, b) “Northern” for the top half.

Now, for a) and g): “_________ the Pole”

If a) is pointing to the top pole, it’s “North” → “North the Pole” — but that’s not standard English. Usually we say “North Pole”.

Perhaps the blank is for the adjective: “North” modifying “Pole”, so “North the Pole” is incorrect grammar.

Wait — maybe it’s “At the North Pole” but the blank is only one word.

Another possibility: perhaps it’s “Near the Pole” but not specified.

I think the intended answer is simply the directional word.

In many such worksheets, they accept:

a) North
g) South

Even if the phrasing is odd.

Perhaps it’s “Above the Pole” but no.

Let’s look for clues in the diagram description.

The user mentioned: “the diagram on the right” has labels like “North Pole”, “South Pole”, “Equator 0”, etc.

In the exercise, the arrows are pointing to features, and we fill the blank with the name.

So for example, if arrow a points to the North Pole, then the answer is “North” to complete “North the Pole” — but that’s redundant.

Unless the phrase is “_________ Pole” and “the” is part of the sentence? No, the blank is before “the Pole”.

Read carefully: “a) _________ the Pole”

Perhaps it’s “At the Pole” but “At” isn’t a geographic term from the lesson.

Another idea: maybe it’s “The North Pole” but the blank is for “North”, and “the Pole” is fixed.

I think we have to go with:

a) North
g) South

Similarly for hemispheres.

Perhaps in context, “North the Pole” means “the North Pole”, and it’s a bit poorly phrased, but acceptable for students.

To confirm, let’s see if there’s a better fit.

What about “Arctic” or “Antarctic”? Not mentioned in text.

Text only uses North/South for poles.

So I’ll stick with:

a) North
b) Northern
c) Longitude
d) Equator
e) Latitude
f) Eastern
g) South

But let’s verify f: is it Eastern or Western?

In the diagram, if the vertical line is 0° longitude (Prime Meridian), and the arrow for f is pointing to the right side, which contains Asia/Australia, that’s Eastern Hemisphere.

Similarly, if b is pointing to the top half, Northern Hemisphere.

Yes.

Also, note that in the text, it says: “Greenwich in England” is 0° longitude, and Eastern Hemisphere is to the east of it.

So f) Eastern is correct.

Now, for e) “a line going around the globe” — latitude lines go around the globe in circles, while longitude lines go from pole to pole, so they don’t “go around” in the same way; they are meridians.

So e) Latitude is correct.

c) “a line going from Pole to Pole” — Longitude.

d) “the line going round the middle” — Equator.

All good.

Final Answer:

a) North
b) Northern
c) Longitude
d) Equator
e) Latitude
f) Eastern
g) South

But let’s write them as required.

The instruction is to provide only the final answer after reasoning.

So:

Final Answer:
a) North
b) Northern
c) Longitude
d) Equator
e) Latitude
f) Eastern
g) South