Measuring the length of a pencil using a ruler.

It looks like you've uploaded an image showing a pencil placed on a ruler, with the goal of measuring its length. However, the full question seems to be cut off — particularly the options (a, b, c, d) are incomplete, and the last option ends mid-sentence.

But based on what’s visible:

- The pencil is placed along a ruler.
- The tip of the pencil starts at the 3 cm mark.
- The end of the pencil reaches just past the 8 cm mark, appearing to align with 8.5 cm.

Let’s assume the full question is asking:
"How do you correctly measure the length of the pencil using the ruler?"
And the options are:

a. By measuring with the hand span
b. By adding the initial and final reading
c. By measuring the length from the end
d. By subtracting the initial reading from the final reading

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✔ Correct Answer: d. By subtracting the initial reading from the final reading

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🔍 Explanation:

To find the length of an object using a ruler:

1. Identify the starting point (initial reading):
The pencil begins at 3.0 cm.

2. Identify the ending point (final reading):
The pencil ends at 8.5 cm.

3. Calculate the length:
Length = Final reading − Initial reading
→ 8.5 cm − 3.0 cm = 5.5 cm

So, the correct method is to subtract the initial reading from the final reading.

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Why the other options are incorrect:

- a. By measuring with the hand span
→ Not accurate; hand span varies between people and is not precise.

- b. By adding the initial and final reading
→ This would give 3.0 + 8.5 = 11.5 cm, which is not the length of the pencil. Incorrect.

- c. By measuring the length from the end
→ Vague and ambiguous. If it means starting from the end of the ruler (0), but the pencil doesn’t start at zero, this would be wrong unless adjusted.

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✔ Final Answer:

d. By subtracting the initial reading from the final reading

This gives the correct length: 5.5 cm.