Final Answer:
1. Mitosis: diploid → diploid; Meiosis: diploid → haploid
2. Homologous chromosomes: two chromosomes (one from each parent) that are the same length, carry genes for the same traits at the same locations, and pair up during meiosis.
3. Sister chromatids: two identical copies of a chromosome, joined at the centromere, formed during DNA replication.
4. a. Synapsis and crossing over occur in prophase I of meiosis.
b. Reduction division (diploid → haploid) occurs in meiosis I.
5. a. Meiosis
b. Meiosis
c. Mitosis
d. Meiosis
e. Mitosis
f. Meiosis
g. Meiosis
h. Meiosis
i. Mitosis
j. Meiosis
6. Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
7. In mitosis: sister chromatids separate → diploid cells result.
8. In meiosis: homologous chromosomes separate in anaphase I (diploid → haploid), then sister chromatids separate in anaphase II → haploid cells result.
9. A sex cell (gamete) has half the number of chromosomes as a parent cell (e.g., human: 46 in parent cell → 23 in sex cell).
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of meiosis worksheet for high school.
