Mitosis worksheet featuring a diagram of the cell cycle and questions about mitotic phases and cellular processes.

Mitosis Worksheet & Diagram Identification

#### Part 1: Questions

1. Chromosomes move to the middle of the spindle during what phase?
- Answer: Metaphase
- Explanation: During metaphase, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (the equatorial plane) in the center of the cell, attached to the spindle fibers.

2. What are sister chromatids? When do they separate?
- Answer: Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together at the centromere. They separate during anaphase.
- Explanation: Sister chromatids are formed during DNA replication in interphase. They remain attached until anaphase, when the centromeres split, allowing the sister chromatids to be pulled apart by the spindle fibers.

3. During which phase do chromosomes first become visible?
- Answer: Prophase
- Explanation: In prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes. This is the first phase where chromosomes can be seen under a microscope.

4. In multicellular organisms, the cell cycle produces groups of cells that perform the same function. What are these groups of cells called?
- Answer: Tissues
- Explanation: Cells produced through mitosis can differentiate and form tissues, which are groups of similar cells that work together to perform specific functions.

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#### Part 2: Table Completion

The table asks you to identify whether each statement applies to Interphase or Mitosis. Here are the correct answers:

| Statement | Interphase | Mitosis |
|-------------------------------------------------|------------|---------|
| 5. Cell growth occurs | ✓ | |
| 6. Nuclear division occurs | | ✓ |
| 7. Chromosomes are distributed equally to daughter cells. | | ✓ |
| 8. Protein production is high | ✓ | |
| 9. Chromosomes are duplicated | ✓ | |
| 10. DNA synthesis occurs | ✓ | |
| 11. Cytoplasm divides immediately after this period | | ✓ |
| 12. Mitochondria and other organelles are made. | ✓ | |

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Explanation of Each Statement:

1. Cell growth occurs:
- Interphase: During interphase, the cell grows in size as it prepares for division. This involves increasing its cytoplasmic components and organelles.

2. Nuclear division occurs:
- Mitosis: Nuclear division happens during mitosis, specifically during anaphase and telophase, when the nucleus splits into two daughter nuclei.

3. Chromosomes are distributed equally to daughter cells:
- Mitosis: Equal distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells occurs during anaphase and telophase of mitosis.

4. Protein production is high:
- Interphase: Interphase is characterized by active protein synthesis, as the cell prepares for division by producing necessary proteins and organelles.

5. Chromosomes are duplicated:
- Interphase: DNA replication occurs during S phase of interphase, resulting in the duplication of chromosomes (sister chromatids).

6. DNA synthesis occurs:
- Interphase: DNA synthesis takes place during the S phase of interphase.

7. Cytoplasm divides immediately after this period:
- Mitosis: After mitosis (specifically telophase), cytokinesis occurs, dividing the cytoplasm into two daughter cells.

8. Mitochondria and other organelles are made:
- Interphase: During interphase, the cell synthesizes new organelles and increases its cytoplasmic components to prepare for division.

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Final Answer Summary:

1. Metaphase
2. Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together at the centromere. They separate during anaphase.
3. Prophase
4. Tissues

For the table:
- Interphase: 5, 8, 9, 10, 12
- Mitosis: 6, 7, 11

Boxed Final Answer:
\boxed{\text{See explanations above}}