1. Frontal lobe - Voluntary motor control, decision making, problem solving, personality, and speech production.
2. Parietal lobe - Processing sensory information (touch, temperature, pain), spatial orientation, and navigation.
3. Temporal lobe - Auditory processing, memory formation, and language comprehension.
4. Occipital lobe - Visual processing.
1a. Cerebrum - Higher cognitive functions including thought, reasoning, memory, and voluntary movement.
1b. Diencephalon - Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex; regulates autonomic functions, sleep, and hormone production via the thalamus and hypothalamus.
1c. Brainstem - Controls vital autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure; serves as a relay station between the brain and spinal cord.
2a. Cerebellum - Coordinates voluntary movements, balance, posture, and motor learning.
2b. Medulla oblongata - Regulates vital autonomic functions including breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
2c. Pons - Relays signals between the cerebrum and cerebellum; involved in sleep, respiration, and facial movements.
- Gray matter: Contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons; processes information.
- White matter: Composed of myelinated axons that transmit signals between different brain regions and the spinal cord.
- Arachnoid mater: Middle meningeal layer; contains cerebrospinal fluid and provides cushioning.
- Dura mater: Outermost, tough meningeal layer; anchors the brain within the skull and forms dural folds.
- Spinal nerve: Carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of nervous system worksheet high school.
