Newton's Laws of Motion worksheet featuring a classic illustration of Isaac Newton under an apple tree.

Let's go through each scenario and determine which of Newton’s Laws of Motion it illustrates. We'll use:

- 1 for Newton’s 1st Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
- 2 for Newton’s 2nd Law (F = ma): The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
- 3 for Newton’s 3rd Law (Action-Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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1. A coin put on top of a paper on the table will stay in place when the paper is pulled.

- Answer: 1
- Explanation: The coin remains at rest due to inertia (1st Law). It doesn’t move with the paper because of friction being insufficient to overcome inertia.

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2. A farmer could not move his cart full of vegetables with only one horse, so he added another horse in order to move the cart.

- Answer: 2
- Explanation: More horses mean more force; increasing force increases acceleration (F = ma), so this is Newton’s 2nd Law.

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3. A truck with less mass will have a bigger acceleration than a truck with more mass.

- Answer: 2
- Explanation: This directly reflects F = ma — for the same force, smaller mass results in greater acceleration.

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4. Daddy hit the golf ball with more force than little Johnny. Daddy’s ball went the farthest.

- Answer: 2
- Explanation: Greater force leads to greater acceleration (and thus distance), assuming similar mass — 2nd Law.

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5. When a basketball player shoots a jump shot, the ball follows an arcing path because of gravity and friction.

- Answer: 1
- Explanation: The ball continues moving forward due to inertia, but gravity and air resistance (friction) change its motion — this involves forces changing motion, but the initial motion is due to inertia. However, since the arc is due to external forces altering motion, this is more about net force changing motion, but the initial continued motion is inertial. Still, the overall path change is due to forces, so better classified as 1st Law — object keeps moving until forces act.

But let's clarify: The arc is due to gravity pulling down — so it's showing how forces change motion. But the continued horizontal motion is inertia. Since the question emphasizes the path due to gravity and friction, it's highlighting how forces alter motion, but the inertial tendency is still present. Still, this is mostly 1st Law: motion continues until forces act.

→ Answer: 1

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6. The harder you pedal your bicycle, the faster your bicycle will go.

- Answer: 2
- Explanation: More force → more acceleration → faster speed (F = ma). 2nd Law.

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7. A book resting on the table exerts a downward force on the table while the table exerts an upward force on the book.

- Answer: 3
- Explanation: Action-reaction pair: book pushes down, table pushes up — equal and opposite forces. 3rd Law.

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8. The large snowball was much harder to move than the smaller one.

- Answer: 2
- Explanation: More mass → more inertia → requires more force to accelerate. 2nd Law.

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9. A ball that rolls on a flat surface will continue to roll until friction brings the ball to a stop.

- Answer: 1
- Explanation: Object in motion stays in motion (inertia) until friction (unbalanced force) stops it. Classic 1st Law.

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10. If you push a small table and a big table with the same amount of force, the small table will move faster.

- Answer: 2
- Explanation: Same force, less mass → greater acceleration (F = ma). 2nd Law.

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11. When a car slams on brakes the passengers body is thrown forward until stopped by the seat belt.

- Answer: 1
- Explanation: Body wants to keep moving forward due to inertia. 1st Law.

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12. Walker hits the ball with more force than Max, so Walker’s ball went farther into the outfield.

- Answer: 2
- Explanation: More force → greater acceleration → greater distance. 2nd Law.

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13. It takes a track runner several yards after the finish line to come to a stop.

- Answer: 1
- Explanation: Runner keeps moving due to inertia until friction and air resistance slow them down. 1st Law.

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14. When an air-filled balloon is set free, the air inside it rushes out and the balloon moves forward.

- Answer: 3
- Explanation: Air pushes backward, balloon moves forward — action-reaction. 3rd Law.

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15. When walking on a sandy beach, while we exert force forward with each step, we push the sand backward.

- Answer: 3
- Explanation: You push backward on sand, sand pushes you forward — action-reaction. 3rd Law.

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16. The bowling pins fell down when they were hit by the bowling ball.

- Answer: 1
- Explanation: Pins are at rest until force from ball acts on them — 1st Law (change in motion due to force).

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17. A rider on a running horse is thrown forward when the horse stops suddenly.

- Answer: 1
- Explanation: Rider’s body continues moving forward due to inertia. 1st Law.

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18. The boy had to apply extra force to move the big bag.

- Answer: 2
- Explanation: More mass → needs more force to accelerate. 2nd Law.

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19. A 50 pound rock is much harder to move than a 5 pound rock.

- Answer: 2
- Explanation: More mass → more inertia → need more force. 2nd Law.

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20. The biker was moving at 25 miles per hour until he hit a rock that threw him over the handlebars.

- Answer: 1
- Explanation: Biker was in motion, then sudden force (rock) changed motion — but the continuation of motion before impact is due to inertia. After hitting, the fall is due to force. But the key idea is that the biker kept going forward until the obstacle interrupted — inertia. So 1st Law.

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✔ Final Answers (Listed in Order):

1. 1
2. 2
3. 2
4. 2
5. 1
6. 2
7. 3
8. 2
9. 1
10. 2
11. 1
12. 2
13. 1
14. 3
15. 3
16. 1
17. 1
18. 2
19. 2
20. 1

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Summary:

- 1st Law (Inertia): 1, 5, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17, 20 → 8 items
- 2nd Law (F=ma): 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 19 → 9 items
- 3rd Law (Action-Reaction): 7, 14, 15 → 3 items

Let me know if you'd like this formatted as a list or printed version!