Osmosis and diffusion worksheet with diagrams of animal cells in various solutions, demonstrating water movement and cell responses.

Problem Overview:

The worksheet focuses on osmosis and diffusion, specifically how water moves across a cell membrane in response to solute concentration gradients. The task involves analyzing beakers with different concentrations of water and solute, determining the direction of water movement, predicting the effect on the cell (shrink or swell), identifying the type of solution (hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic), and filling in missing percentages.

Key Concepts:

1. Osmosis: The movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
2. Hypertonic Solution: A solution with a higher solute concentration outside the cell, causing water to move out of the cell, leading to cell shrinkage (cystolysis).
3. Isotonic Solution: A solution with equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.
4. Hypotonic Solution: A solution with a lower solute concentration outside the cell, causing water to move into the cell, leading to cell swelling (lysis).

Step-by-Step Solution:

#### Part 1: General Questions
1. Is water always able to diffuse through a cell’s selective permeable membrane?
- Answer: Y (Yes)
- Explanation: Water can freely pass through the cell membrane via aquaporins, which are specialized channels for water transport.

2. Are solutes always able to diffuse through a cell’s selective permeable membrane?
- Answer: N (No)
- Explanation: Only specific solutes can pass through the cell membrane; others require active transport mechanisms.

3. The movement of molecules across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient is called _________.
- Answer: Active transport
- Explanation: Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

#### Part 2: Beaker Analysis
For each beaker, we need to:
- Draw an arrow showing the direction of water movement by osmosis.
- Draw and label what happens to the cell (shrink or swell).
- Name the type of solution (hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic).
- Fill in any missing percentages.

##### Beaker 1:
- Inside Cell: 80% H₂O, 20% solute
- Outside Beaker: 90% H₂O, 10% solute
- Analysis:
- The outside solution is hypotonic (lower solute concentration).
- Water will move into the cell.
- The cell will swell.
- Solution Type: Hypotonic
- Arrow: → (into the cell)

##### Beaker 2:
- Inside Cell: 70% H₂O, 30% solute
- Outside Beaker: 60% H₂O, 40% solute
- Analysis:
- The outside solution is hypertonic (higher solute concentration).
- Water will move out of the cell.
- The cell will shrink.
- Solution Type: Hypertonic
- Arrow: ← (out of the cell)

##### Beaker 3:
- Inside Cell: 80% H₂O, 20% solute
- Outside Beaker: 75% H₂O, 25% solute
- Analysis:
- The outside solution is slightly hypertonic.
- Water will move out of the cell.
- The cell will shrink.
- Solution Type: Hypertonic
- Arrow: ← (out of the cell)

##### Beaker 4:
- Inside Cell: 40% H₂O, 60% solute
- Outside Beaker: 57% H₂O, 43% solute
- Analysis:
- The outside solution is hypotonic.
- Water will move into the cell.
- The cell will swell.
- Solution Type: Hypotonic
- Arrow: → (into the cell)

##### Beaker 5:
- Inside Cell: 80% H₂O, 20% solute
- Outside Beaker: 60% H₂O, 40% solute
- Analysis:
- The outside solution is hypertonic.
- Water will move out of the cell.
- The cell will shrink.
- Solution Type: Hypertonic
- Arrow: ← (out of the cell)

##### Beaker 6:
- Inside Cell: 90% H₂O, 10% solute
- Outside Beaker: 90% H₂O, 10% solute
- Analysis:
- The outside solution is isotonic.
- There will be no net movement of water.
- The cell will remain the same size.
- Solution Type: Isotonic
- Arrow: ↔ (no net movement)

##### Beaker 7:
- Inside Cell: 80% H₂O, 20% solute
- Outside Beaker: 85% H₂O, 15% solute
- Analysis:
- The outside solution is hypotonic.
- Water will move into the cell.
- The cell will swell.
- Solution Type: Hypotonic
- Arrow: → (into the cell)

##### Beaker 8:
- Inside Cell: 80% H₂O, 20% solute
- Outside Beaker: 61% H₂O, 39% solute
- Analysis:
- The outside solution is hypertonic.
- Water will move out of the cell.
- The cell will shrink.
- Solution Type: Hypertonic
- Arrow: ← (out of the cell)

##### Beaker 9:
- Inside Cell: 90% H₂O, 10% solute
- Outside Beaker: 35% H₂O, 65% solute
- Analysis:
- The outside solution is hypertonic.
- Water will move out of the cell.
- The cell will shrink.
- Solution Type: Hypertonic
- Arrow: ← (out of the cell)

Final Answer:

\boxed{
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\text{Beaker} & \text{Water Movement} & \text{Cell Change} & \text{Solution Type} \\
\hline
1 & \rightarrow & \text{Swell} & \text{Hypotonic} \\
2 & \leftarrow & \text{Shrink} & \text{Hypertonic} \\
3 & \leftarrow & \text{Shrink} & \text{Hypertonic} \\
4 & \rightarrow & \text{Swell} & \text{Hypotonic} \\
5 & \leftarrow & \text{Shrink} & \text{Hypertonic} \\
6 & \leftrightarrow & \text{No change} & \text{Isotonic} \\
7 & \rightarrow & \text{Swell} & \text{Hypotonic} \\
8 & \leftarrow & \text{Shrink} & \text{Hypertonic} \\
9 & \leftarrow & \text{Shrink} & \text{Hypertonic} \\
\hline
\end{array}
}