1. The variation in phenotype for the peppered moth includes two main forms: a light-colored form with small dark spots (typical) and a dark, almost black form (melanic). These variations are due to differences in their wing coloration patterns.
2. Biological fitness refers to an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. Factors that will affect the biological fitness of the peppered moth include:
- Camouflage effectiveness against predators (e.g., birds) based on background color (light vs. dark tree bark).
- Environmental changes such as industrial pollution darkening tree bark, which favored the melanic form.
- Post-pollution environmental recovery, where cleaner air and lighter tree bark favored the light-colored form again.
- Predation pressure from visual predators that can more easily spot moths that contrast with their background.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of peppered moth worksheet.
