Periodic Trends Worksheet - General Chemistry - Quiz | Exercises ... - Free Printable

Let's solve this Periodic Trends Worksheet step by step. Since the worksheet includes a periodic table with letters (a, b, c, etc.) in place of element symbols, we need to identify each letter based on its position in the periodic table and then answer the questions accordingly.

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I. Short Answer

#### 1. Label each group on the periodic table.
We will label the groups as follows:

- Group 1: Alkali Metals
- Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
- Groups 3–12: Transition Metals
- Group 13: Boron Group
- Group 14: Carbon Group
- Group 15: Nitrogen Group
- Group 16: Chalcogens
- Group 17: Halogens
- Group 18: Noble Gases

*(Note: The actual labeling would be done on the periodic table diagram provided, but since it's not labeled here, we'll use these standard names.)*

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#### 2. Explain what valence electrons are.
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell (highest energy level) of an atom. These electrons are involved in chemical bonding and determine the chemical properties of an element.

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#### 3. Explain what makes an element stable?
An element is considered stable when its outermost electron shell is full, typically following the octet rule (having 8 valence electrons), except for hydrogen and helium, which follow the duet rule (2 electrons). Noble gases are the most stable because they have full valence shells.

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II. Answer the Questions Using the Symbols on the Periodic Table

Now let’s analyze the periodic table layout given in the image (with letters):

```
[ ] [ ]
[b] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [r] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [o] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [a] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [u]
[i] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [t] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [e] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [z] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
```

And below:
```
[ ] [ ] [w] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [y] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
```

This appears to be a simplified version of the periodic table where elements are replaced with letters. Let's map them using standard periodic table positions.

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Step 1: Identify Positions of Letters

Let’s assign each letter to its correct location:

#### Top-left block (Groups 1 & 2):
- b: likely H (Hydrogen), top-left
- a: second row, group 2 → Be (Beryllium)
- i: third row, group 1 → Na (Sodium)

Wait — but b is in period 1, group 1 → H
Then a is in period 2, group 2 → Be
i is in period 3, group 1 → Na
But i is in period 4? Wait — let's count rows.

Looking at the grid:

- Row 1: only one box above b → probably He or something, but b is under it → b = H (period 1, group 1)
- Row 2: b (H), then empty, then r (right side) → r = He? But He is group 18.
- Actually, the right side has r, o, u — likely noble gases.

Let’s reconstruct:

#### Right-side columns (groups 13–18):
- r: top-right → He (group 18, period 1)
- o: below r → Ne (period 2, group 18)
- u: below o → Ar (period 3, group 18)
- z: below u → Kr (period 4, group 18)

So:
- r = He (period 1, group 18)
- o = Ne (period 2, group 18)
- u = Ar (period 3, group 18)
- z = Kr (period 4, group 18)

Now look at left side:

- b: period 1, group 1 → H
- a: period 2, group 2 → Be
- i: period 3, group 1 → Na
- t: period 4, group 11 → Cu (Copper)
- e: period 4, group 14 → Ge (Germanium)
- w: period 5, group 15 → Sb (Antimony)
- y: period 5, group 16 → Te (Tellurium)

Also:
- h: period 3, group 13 → Al (Aluminum)

Now confirm:

| Letter | Element | Period | Group |
|--------|---------|--------|-------|
| b | H | 1 | 1 |
| r | He | 1 | 18 |
| a | Be | 2 | 2 |
| o | Ne | 2 | 18 |
| i | Na | 3 | 1 |
| h | Al | 3 | 13 |
| u | Ar | 3 | 18 |
| t | Cu | 4 | 11 |
| e | Ge | 4 | 14 |
| z | Kr | 4 | 18 |
| w | Sb | 5 | 15 |
| y | Te | 5 | 16 |

Now let’s go through the questions.

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II. Answers

#### 1. What elements are in period 5?

Period 5 includes elements from Rb (37) to Xe (54).

From our labels: w (Sb) and y (Te) are in period 5.

But the question asks for all elements in period 5. Since only some are labeled, we list known ones:

Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe

But only w = Sb, y = Te are labeled.

So answer: Elements in period 5: Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe

But since the worksheet uses letters, perhaps only those are expected.

But the question says “using the symbols on the periodic table” — so we should use the letters.

But no letters are assigned to all period 5 elements. Only w and y.

So maybe just say: w (Sb), y (Te) — but that’s incomplete.

Alternatively, perhaps the worksheet expects you to know the full list.

But since the diagram only shows some letters, we’ll assume the answers are based on standard knowledge unless otherwise specified.

So:

> Answer: Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe

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#### 2. What element(s) is a halogen?

Halogens are Group 17: F, Cl, Br, I, At

Only Iodine (I) is in period 5, and y is Te (Tellurium), which is not a halogen.

Wait — y is Te (Tellurium), group 16 → chalcogen

Is any letter a halogen?

Look: u = Ar (noble gas), z = Kr (noble gas), y = Te, w = Sb

No halogen labeled.

But iodine is in period 5, group 17 — not labeled.

So no letter represents a halogen.

But perhaps r = He, o = Ne, u = Ar, z = Kr — noble gases.

So halogens: F, Cl, Br, I, At

None labeled → answer: None of the labeled elements are halogens.

But maybe the question wants symbol, so write: F, Cl, Br, I, At

But if only labeled ones, then none.

So best to say: F, Cl, Br, I, At

But since the worksheet says "using the symbols on the periodic table", and none are labeled, perhaps it's expecting general knowledge.

Let’s proceed.

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#### 3. Lanthanides

Lanthanides: Ce to Lu (atomic numbers 58–71)

Not shown in the diagram → none labeled

Answer: Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu

But none labeled → no letter corresponds

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#### 4. Alkaline earth metals

Group 2: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

In diagram: a = Be (period 2, group 2)

So a is alkaline earth metal.

Answer: a

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#### 5. Noble gases

Group 18: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

In diagram:
- r = He
- o = Ne
- u = Ar
- z = Kr

So: r, o, u, z

Answer: r, o, u, z

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#### 6. Transition metals

Groups 3–12

In diagram: t = Cu (group 11, period 4) → transition metal

Are there others?

- e = Ge → group 14 → post-transition → not transition
- h = Al → group 13 → not transition
- i = Na → alkali → no
- a = Be → alkaline earth → no

Only t = Cu is clearly a transition metal.

But t is in period 4, group 11 → yes, transition metal.

So answer: t

But actually, many transition metals exist — but only t is labeled.

So: t

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#### 7. Alkali metals

Group 1: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

In diagram: i = Na (period 3, group 1)

So i is alkali metal.

Answer: i

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#### 8. Actinides

Actinides: Ac to Lr (90–103)

Not shown → none labeled

Answer: Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr

But none labeled → no letter corresponds

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#### 9. Elements in s sublevel

s-block: groups 1–2, plus He

Includes:
- H (b), He (r), Li, Be (a), Na (i), Mg, K, Ca, etc.

So labeled: b (H), a (Be), i (Na), r (He)

Answer: b, a, i, r

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#### 10. p sublevel

p-block: groups 13–18 (except He)

Includes:
- B, C, N, O, F, Ne (o), Al (h), Si, P, S, Cl, Ar (u), Ga, Ge (e), As, Se, Br, Kr (z), In, Sn, Sb (w), Te (y), I, Xe

Labeled:
- h (Al), e (Ge), w (Sb), y (Te), o (Ne), u (Ar), z (Kr)

So: h, e, w, y, o, u, z

Answer: h, e, w, y, o, u, z

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#### 11. d sublevel

d-block: transition metals, groups 3–12

Labeled: t = Cu (group 11, period 4) → d-block

Others? None clearly labeled.

So: t

Answer: t

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#### 12. f sublevel

f-block: lanthanides and actinides

Not labeled → none

Answer: none

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#### 13. Metals

Metals: everything left of the metalloids (except H)

Includes:
- All alkali, alkaline earth, transition, lanthanides, actinides, and post-transition metals

Labeled:
- b (H) → nonmetal
- a (Be) → metal
- i (Na) → metal
- h (Al) → metal
- t (Cu) → metal
- e (Ge) → metalloid
- w (Sb) → metalloid
- y (Te) → metalloid
- r, o, u, z → noble gases → nonmetals

So metals: a, i, h, t

Answer: a, i, h, t

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#### 14. Nonmetals

Nonmetals: right side: H, C, N, O, F, Ne, P, S, Cl, Ar, Se, Br, Kr, I, Xe, etc.

Labeled:
- b (H) → nonmetal
- r (He) → nonmetal
- o (Ne) → nonmetal
- u (Ar) → nonmetal
- z (Kr) → nonmetal
- e (Ge) → metalloid
- w (Sb) → metalloid
- y (Te) → metalloid

So nonmetals: b, r, o, u, z

Answer: b, r, o, u, z

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#### 15. Metalloids

Metalloids: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

Labeled:
- e (Ge) → metalloid
- w (Sb) → metalloid
- y (Te) → metalloid

Answer: e, w, y

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#### 16. Most reactive nonmetal?

Fluorine (F) — highest electronegativity, smallest atomic radius in group

Answer: F

But not labeled → none of the labeled elements

But question says "which element" — so answer: F

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#### 17. Most reactive metal?

Francium (Fr) — bottom of group 1

But Cs and Fr are more reactive than Na or K.

But i = Na — sodium is reactive, but not the most.

Answer: Fr (or Cs)

But not labeled → answer: Fr

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#### 18. Least reactive element?

Noble gases — especially He, Ne, Ar, etc.

Least reactive: Helium (He) — very small, hard to ionize

Answer: He

But r = He → so r

Answer: r

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#### 19. Largest radius in period 4?

Atomic radius increases left to right across a period.

So largest in period 4 is K (potassium) — group 1

But i = Na (period 3), t = Cu (period 4, group 11), e = Ge (period 4, group 14)

But K is not labeled.

Period 4: K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr

Largest radius: K

But not labeled → none of the labeled elements

But if we must pick from labeled, t = Cu is in period 4, but not the largest.

Answer: K

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#### 20. Largest radius in Alkali metals family?

Alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

Radius increases down the group → Fr is largest

Answer: Fr

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#### 21. Highest ionization energy in period 4?

Ionization energy increases across a period (left to right), decreases down a group.

So in period 4, highest IE is Kr (krypton)

But z = Kr → so z

Answer: z

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#### 22. Second largest atomic number?

Atomic number increases across and down.

Largest: Og (118), second largest: Ts (117), but not labeled.

But in labeled elements:
- w = Sb (51)
- y = Te (52)
- z = Kr (36)
- t = Cu (29)
- e = Ge (32)
- h = Al (13)
- i = Na (11)
- a = Be (4)
- b = H (1)
- r = He (2)
- o = Ne (10)
- u = Ar (18)

So atomic numbers:
- y = Te = 52
- w = Sb = 51
- z = Kr = 36
- etc.

So y (Te) has atomic number 52 → largest among labeled
w (Sb) = 51 → second largest

Answer: w

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#### 23. Largest atomic mass?

Atomic mass increases with atomic number.

Largest atomic mass: Og (Oganesson), but not labeled.

Among labeled: y = Te (127.6), w = Sb (121.8), z = Kr (83.8), t = Cu (63.5), etc.

So y (Te) has largest mass among labeled.

Answer: y

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#### 24. Located at period 4, group 15?

Group 15: N, P, As, Sb, Bi

Period 4: As (Arsenic)

But w = Sb → period 5, group 15

So Sb is period 5, group 15

Period 4, group 15: As

Not labeled → answer: As

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#### 25. Located at period 5, group 2?

Group 2: alkaline earth metals

Period 5: Sr (Strontium)

Not labeled → answer: Sr

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#### 27. Which elements will form +1 ions?

Elements that lose 1 electron: alkali metals (group 1)

So: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

Labeled: i = Na

Answer: i

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#### 28. Which group of metals will have the same properties?

Metals in the same group have similar properties due to same valence electrons.

So group 1 (alkali metals), group 2 (alkaline earth), etc.

Answer: Same group (e.g., group 1)

But specifically: Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2, etc.

Best answer: Elements in the same group

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#### 29. Which group of nonmetals will have the same properties?

Same idea: Same group

Example: Group 17 (halogens), Group 18 (noble gases)

Answer: Same group

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#### 30. On the back, define all chapter 5, section 3 vocabulary terms.

Since we don’t have access to the textbook, we can't do this here.

But typical terms include:
- Periodic trends
- Atomic radius
- Ionization energy
- Electronegativity
- Electron affinity
- Metallic character
- Valence electrons
- Octet rule
- etc.

You’d define each.

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Final Answers Summary:

| Q# | Answer |
|----|--------|
| 1 | Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe |
| 2 | F, Cl, Br, I, At |
| 3 | Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu |
| 4 | a |
| 5 | r, o, u, z |
| 6 | t |
| 7 | i |
| 8 | Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr |
| 9 | b, a, i, r |
| 10 | h, e, w, y, o, u, z |
| 11 | t |
| 12 | none |
| 13 | a, i, h, t |
| 14 | b, r, o, u, z |
| 15 | e, w, y |
| 16 | F |
| 17 | Fr |
| 18 | r |
| 19 | K |
| 20 | Fr |
| 21 | z |
| 22 | w |
| 23 | y |
| 24 | As |
| 25 | Sr |
| 27 | i |
| 28 | Elements in the same group (e.g., group 1) |
| 29 | Elements in the same group (e.g., group 17) |

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Notes:

- Some answers depend on standard periodic table knowledge.
- Only a few elements are labeled, so some questions require external knowledge.
- The worksheet likely assumes students know the periodic table well.

If you have the actual element symbols in the diagram, please provide them for exact mapping.

Let me know if you'd like a printable version or explanation of periodic trends!