Photosynthesis Review Worksheet with completed answers.

Problem Overview:

The task involves completing a Photosynthesis Review Worksheet by answering questions related to the process of photosynthesis. The worksheet covers topics such as the chemical equation for photosynthesis, reactants and products, how plants obtain water and carbon dioxide, what they do with glucose and oxygen produced during photosynthesis, and how they handle the "new" water produced.

Solution and Explanation:

#### 1. Write out the CHEMICAL equation for photosynthesis.
The chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
\[
6CO_2 + 12H_2O \xrightarrow{\text{chlorophyll & sunlight}} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 + 6H_2O
\]
- Reactants: \(6CO_2\) (carbon dioxide) and \(12H_2O\) (water).
- Products: \(C_6H_{12}O_6\) (glucose), \(6O_2\) (oxygen), and \(6H_2O\) (water).

#### 2. Name the REACTANTS needed for photosynthesis.
The reactants required for photosynthesis are:
- Carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\))
- Water (\(H_2O\))

These are absorbed by plants and used in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen.

#### 3. Name the PRODUCTS formed by photosynthesis.
The products of photosynthesis are:
- Glucose (\(C_6H_{12}O_6\)): A sugar that serves as an energy source for the plant.
- Oxygen (\(O_2\)): Released into the atmosphere as a byproduct.
- Water (\(H_2O\)): Some water is released back into the environment through transpiration.

#### 4. How do plants get the water that they require for photosynthesis?
Plants absorb water from the soil through their roots. This process occurs via osmosis, where water moves from an area of higher water concentration (soil) to an area of lower water concentration (roots). Once absorbed, the water travels through the xylem tubes in the plant's vascular system and reaches the leaves, where it is used in photosynthesis.

#### 5. How do plants get the carbon dioxide that they require for photosynthesis?
Plants obtain carbon dioxide from the air. Carbon dioxide enters the plant through small pores called stomata located on the surface of leaves. The movement of carbon dioxide into the stomata is driven by diffusion, where carbon dioxide molecules move from an area of higher concentration (air) to an area of lower concentration (inside the leaf).

#### 6. What do plants do with the glucose produced by photosynthesis? Discuss 3 things.
Plants use the glucose produced during photosynthesis in several ways:
1. Use glucose for food which gives plants energy: Glucose is broken down through cellular respiration to release energy in the form of ATP, which powers various cellular processes.
2. Excess glucose is stored in roots as polysaccharide starch: Plants store excess glucose as starch in their roots, stems, or other storage organs for later use when photosynthesis is not possible (e.g., at night or during unfavorable conditions).
3. Some glucose is converted into polysaccharide cellulose which builds cell walls: Glucose is also used to synthesize cellulose, a structural component of plant cell walls, providing support and rigidity to the plant.

#### 7. What do plants do with the oxygen produced by photosynthesis?
Plants have two primary uses for the oxygen produced during photosynthesis:
1. They release some oxygen into the air: Oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis and is released into the atmosphere through the stomata in the leaves.
2. Recycle some oxygen to the mitochondria for cellular respiration: Plants use some of the oxygen produced in photosynthesis for their own cellular respiration, where it is used to break down glucose and generate energy (ATP).

#### 8. What can plants do with the "new" water produced by photosynthesis?
The water produced during photosynthesis can be utilized by plants in the following ways:
1. Use it to rehydrate their cytoplasm: Water is essential for maintaining the turgor pressure in plant cells and for various metabolic processes within the plant.
2. Store it in their vacuole(s): Excess water can be stored in the large central vacuoles of plant cells, helping to maintain cell structure and function.
3. Release it into the air through their stomata by transpiration: Plants lose water vapor through their stomata in a process called transpiration, which helps in the uptake of nutrients from the soil and regulates temperature.

Final Answer:

\[
\boxed{
\begin{array}{l}
1. \text{Chemical equation: } 6CO_2 + 12H_2O \xrightarrow{\text{chlorophyll & sunlight}} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 + 6H_2O \\
2. \text{Reactants: Carbon dioxide and water} \\
3. \text{Products: Glucose, oxygen, and water} \\
4. \text{Absorbed through roots by osmosis and then enters the xylem tubes in veins} \\
5. \text{Enters through the stomata/pores in the leaf by diffusion} \\
6. \text{a. Use glucose for food which gives plants energy. b. Excess glucose is stored in roots as polysaccharide starch. c. Some glucose is converted into polysaccharide cellulose which builds cell walls.} \\
7. \text{They release some oxygen into the air AND recycle some oxygen to the mitochondria for cellular respiration.} \\
8. \text{a. Use it to rehydrate their cytoplasm. b. Store it in their vacuole(s). c. Release it into the air through their stomata by transpiration.}
\end{array}
}
\]