Worksheet for identifying phrases and clauses in English grammar.

Problem Explanation:

The task involves two exercises related to phrases and clauses. Let's break them down:

#### Exercise A: Identifying Phrases
- You need to identify whether each word group is a phrase (P) or not a phrase (NP).
- A phrase is a group of words that functions as a single unit in a sentence but does not contain both a subject and a predicate.

#### Exercise B: Identifying Independent and Subordinate Clauses
- You need to identify whether the underlined clause in each sentence is an independent clause (IND) or a subordinate clause (SUB).
- An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence because it contains both a subject and a predicate.
- A subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a complete sentence because it begins with a subordinating conjunction (e.g., "when," "because," "although") or a relative pronoun (e.g., "that," "which").

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Solution:

#### Exercise A: Identifying Phrases
1. with long white curtains
- This is a prepositional phrase.
- Answer: P

2. had been swimming
- This is a verb phrase (past perfect progressive tense).
- Answer: P

3. as a baby sitter
- This is a prepositional phrase.
- Answer: P

4. after the bell rang
- This is a prepositional phrase with a subordinate clause ("the bell rang").
- Answer: P

5. is running
- This is a verb phrase (present continuous tense).
- Answer: P

6. The cat sat.
- This is a complete sentence, not a phrase.
- Answer: NP

7. over the fence
- This is a prepositional phrase.
- Answer: P

8. in the middle
- This is a prepositional phrase.
- Answer: P

9. under the car
- This is a prepositional phrase.
- Answer: P

10. where her books are
- This is a noun clause functioning as an adverbial phrase.
- Answer: P

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#### Exercise B: Identifying Independent and Subordinate Clauses
11. When you pack the dishes, be sure to use enough padding.
- Underlined clause: When you pack the dishes
- This is a subordinate clause because it begins with the subordinating conjunction "when."
- Answer: SUB

12. Some whales can hold their breath for up to two hours, but they still must come to the surface to breathe.
- Underlined clause: they still must come to the surface to breathe
- This is an independent clause because it has a subject ("they") and a predicate ("must come to the surface to breathe").
- Answer: IND

13. The ball went through the hoop just as the buzzer sounded.
- Underlined clause: just as the buzzer sounded
- This is a subordinate clause because it begins with the subordinating conjunction "as."
- Answer: SUB

14. The book that April was waiting for is available now.
- Underlined clause: that April was waiting for
- This is a subordinate clause because it begins with the relative pronoun "that."
- Answer: SUB

15. Mark Twain, which was a riverboat term meaning "two fathoms" (twelve feet), was the pen name of Samuel Clemens.
- Underlined clause: which was a riverboat term meaning "two fathoms" (twelve feet)
- This is a subordinate clause because it begins with the relative pronoun "which."
- Answer: SUB

16. If those plants aren't covered tonight, the frost may kill them.
- Underlined clause: If those plants aren't covered tonight
- This is a subordinate clause because it begins with the subordinating conjunction "if."
- Answer: SUB

17. A bird picked the crocodile's teeth clean while the crocodile sat patiently with its mouth open.
- Underlined clause: while the crocodile sat patiently with its mouth open
- This is a subordinate clause because it begins with the subordinating conjunction "while."
- Answer: SUB

18. All of the receivers were covered, so the quarterback had to run with the ball.
- Underlined clause: so the quarterback had to run with the ball
- This is an independent clause because it has a subject ("the quarterback") and a predicate ("had to run with the ball").
- Answer: IND

19. Because a storm was predicted, the fair was postponed.
- Underlined clause: Because a storm was predicted
- This is a subordinate clause because it begins with the subordinating conjunction "because."
- Answer: SUB

20. The play, which the students had rehearsed for six weeks, was a huge success.
- Underlined clause: which the students had rehearsed for six weeks
- This is a subordinate clause because it begins with the relative pronoun "which."
- Answer: SUB

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Final Answers:

#### Exercise A:
1. P
2. P
3. P
4. P
5. P
6. NP
7. P
8. P
9. P
10. P

#### Exercise B:
11. SUB
12. IND
13. SUB
14. SUB
15. SUB
16. SUB
17. SUB
18. IND
19. SUB
20. SUB

Boxed Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{
\text{Exercise A: P, P, P, P, P, NP, P, P, P, P}
}
\]
\[
\boxed{
\text{Exercise B: SUB, IND, SUB, SUB, SUB, SUB, SUB, IND, SUB, SUB}
}
\]