Biology worksheet on macromolecules and biochemical reactions.

Let's solve this step by step.

---

PART 3: Complete the chart

We are asked to fill in the following for each macromolecule:

- Food Example
- Monomer
- Polymer

| MACROMOLECULES | FOOD EX. | MONOMER | POLYMER |
|--------------------|--------------------|---------------------|------------------------|
| Carbohydrates | Bread, rice, pasta | Monosaccharide (e.g., glucose) | Polysaccharide (e.g., starch, glycogen) |
| Lipids | Butter, oil, cheese | Glycerol and fatty acids | Triglyceride |
| Proteins | Meat, eggs, beans | Amino acid | Polypeptide / Protein |
| Nucleic Acids | DNA/RNA (in cells) | Nucleotide | DNA or RNA |

> ✔ Note: Nucleic acids are not typically eaten as food (they're not digested like carbs or proteins), so no common food example is listed — that’s why it’s crossed out.

Answer to the allergy question:
Your friend is allergic to certain amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. So you should tell your mom not to serve proteins (like meat, eggs, dairy, etc.).

---

PART 4: Analyze the reactions

#### Diagram Explanation:
- (a) Dehydration Synthesis: Two monomers join together with the removal of a water molecule (H₂O). This forms a covalent bond.
- (b) Hydrolysis: A polymer breaks down into monomers by adding a water molecule (H₂O).

Now answer the questions:

1. Which process breaks polymers into monomers?
→ Hydrolysis

2. Which process bonds monomers into polymers?
→ Dehydration synthesis

3. Which reaction stores energy?
→ Dehydration synthesis (building large molecules requires energy input)

4. Which reaction releases energy?
→ Hydrolysis (breaking down molecules releases stored energy)

---

For each example, circle whether it's synthesis or digestion, and if energy is needed or released

#### a. Glucose + fructose → sucrose
- Synthesis (joining two sugars)
- Energy needed (dehydration synthesis)
✔ Answer: Synthesis, Energy needed

#### b. Amino acid–amino acid → amino acid + amino acid
- This shows a bond breaking between two amino acids → Digestion
- Energy released (hydrolysis)
✔ Answer: Digestion, Energy released

#### c. [Three circles] → [One circle] + [One circle] + [One circle]
- Shows a large molecule breaking into smaller ones
- So this is Digestion
- Energy released
✔ Answer: Digestion, Energy released

#### d. [Two red molecules with OH and H] → [One molecule with O linkage] + H₂O
- Water is removed → Dehydration synthesis
- Energy needed
✔ Answer: Synthesis, Energy needed

---

✔ Final Answers Summary:

#### PART 3 Chart:

| MACROMOLECULES | FOOD EX. | MONOMER | POLYMER |
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------------|---------------------------|
| Carbohydrates | Bread, rice | Glucose (monosaccharide) | Starch, glycogen |
| Lipids | Butter, oil | Glycerol & fatty acids | Triglyceride |
| Proteins | Chicken, eggs | Amino acid | Polypeptide / Protein |
| Nucleic Acids | Not applicable | Nucleotide | DNA, RNA |

> ⚠️ Do not serve Proteins – they contain amino acids.

---

#### PART 4 Questions:

1. Hydrolysis
2. Dehydration synthesis
3. Dehydration synthesis
4. Hydrolysis

---

#### Examples:

a. Synthesis, Energy needed
b. Digestion, Energy released
c. Digestion, Energy released
d. Synthesis, Energy needed

---

Let me know if you'd like this formatted as a printable answer sheet!