Proofreading Marks and How to Use Them--Grammar Tutorial - Free Printable

The image you provided appears to be a proofreading exercise where various editing tasks are applied to sentences. Each task is marked with a symbol (e.g., "Close the gap," "Capitalize," "Make lowercase," etc.), and the corrections are shown in the right column. Below, I will explain each task and its solution:

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1. Close the gap

- Task: Remove unnecessary spaces.
- Original: `proof read`
- Correction: `proofread`
- Explanation: The phrase "proof read" has an extra space between the words, which should be removed for proper spelling.

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2. Capitalize

- Task: Capitalize the first letter of proper nouns.
- Original: `Sydney Opera house`
- Correction: `Sydney Opera House`
- Explanation: Both "Opera" and "House" are part of the proper noun "Sydney Opera House," so they should both be capitalized.

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3. Make lowercase

- Task: Convert text to lowercase.
- Original: `the President's job`
- Correction: `the president's job`
- Explanation: The word "President" is made lowercase as per the instruction.

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4. Add (insert)

- Task: Insert missing punctuation.
- Original: `"No" she said.`
- Correction: `"No," she said.`
- Explanation: A comma is added after the quotation mark to separate the quoted speech from the rest of the sentence.

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5. Add (insert) apostrophe

- Task: Insert an apostrophe to show possession.
- Original: `Coras painting won the contest.`
- Correction: `Cora's painting won the contest.`
- Explanation: The possessive form of "Cora" requires an apostrophe before the "s."

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6. Add (insert) a letter

- Task: Correct a misspelled word by adding a missing letter.
- Original: `sking`
- Correction: `skiing`
- Explanation: The word "sking" is misspelled; the correct spelling is "skiing," which requires an additional "i."

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7. Add (insert) a word

- Task: Insert a missing word to complete the sentence.
- Original: `When my head`
- Correction: `When I nod my head`
- Explanation: The original sentence is incomplete. Adding "I nod" makes it grammatically correct.

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8. Add (insert) words

- Task: Insert missing words to complete the sentence.
- Original: `The peas today.`
- Correction: `The peas are ripe today.`
- Explanation: The original sentence lacks a verb and an adjective. Adding "are ripe" completes the sentence.

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9. Transpose

- Task: Rearrange words to correct the sentence structure.
- Original: `There is it again.`
- Correction: `There it is again.`
- Explanation: The words "is it" are transposed to "it is" to follow standard English grammar.

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10. Italicize

- Task: Use italics for titles of books or works.
- Original: `The Scarlet Letter`
- Correction: *The Scarlet Letter*
- Explanation: Titles of books are typically italicized in formal writing.

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Summary of Corrections

| Task | Original | Correction |
|---------------------|------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| Close the gap | `proof read` | `proofread` |
| Capitalize | `Sydney Opera house` | `Sydney Opera House` |
| Make lowercase | `the President's job` | `the president's job` |
| Add (insert) | `"No" she said.` | `"No," she said.` |
| Add (insert) apostrophe | `Coras painting won the contest.` | `Cora's painting won the contest.` |
| Add (insert) a letter | `sking` | `skiing` |
| Add (insert) a word | `When my head` | `When I nod my head` |
| Add (insert) words | `The peas today.` | `The peas are ripe today.` |
| Transpose | `There is it again.` | `There it is again.` |
| Italicize | `The Scarlet Letter` | *The Scarlet Letter* |

Each correction follows standard English grammar and proofreading rules. If you have any further questions, feel free to ask!