CBSE Class 10 Chemistry Metals And Non Metals Worksheet Set B - Free Printable

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🔍 Summary & Explanation of the Notes:

#### 1. Reaction of Metals with Air/Oxygen
- Most metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides.
- The rate of reaction depends on temperature and reactivity of the metal.
- Highly reactive metals like potassium (K), lithium (Li), sodium (Na):
- React violently with oxygen and moisture.
- Are stored in kerosene oil to prevent oxidation.
- Form basic oxides when they burn.

##### Examples:
- Sodium:
\( 4\text{Na} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{Na}_2\text{O} \)
- Potassium:
\( 4\text{K} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{K}_2\text{O} \)

> These basic oxides react with water to form alkalis (bases):
- \( \text{Na}_2\text{O} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{NaOH} \)
- \( \text{K}_2\text{O} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{KOH} \)

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#### 2. Magnesium (Mg)
- Burns with intense heat and bright white light.
- Forms magnesium oxide (MgO), a basic oxide.
- Reaction:
\( 2\text{Mg} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{MgO} \)
- MgO reacts with water to form magnesium hydroxide, a weak base:
\( \text{MgO} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{Mg(OH)}_2 \)

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#### 3. Aluminum (Al)
- Reacts with oxygen upon heating to form aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃).
- Reaction:
\( 4\text{Al} + 3\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 \)
- Aluminum oxide is amphoteric, meaning it can react with both acids and bases.

##### Example Reactions:
- With acid:
\( \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 + 6\text{HCl} \rightarrow 2\text{AlCl}_3 + 3\text{H}_2\text{O} \)
- With base:
\( \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 + 2\text{NaOH} \rightarrow 2\text{NaAlO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \)

> This dual behavior makes Al₂O₃ an amphoteric oxide.

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✔ Key Takeaways:

| Metal | Oxide Formed | Nature of Oxide | Reactivity |
|-------|---------------|------------------|------------|
| Na, K | Na₂O, K₂O | Basic | Very High |
| Mg | MgO | Basic | Moderate |
| Al | Al₂O₃ | Amphoteric | Moderate (forms protective layer) |

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🧠 Conceptual Points:

- Basic oxides: React with acids to form salt and water.
- Amphoteric oxides: React with both acids and bases.
- Reactivity series: More reactive metals (like Na, K) react more vigorously with oxygen and water.

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- Balancing a chemical equation,
- Predicting the product of a metal’s reaction,
- Identifying whether an oxide is basic or amphoteric,
- Or writing reactions of metals with water/acid,

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