- The text explains that water is a polar molecule due to an uneven distribution of electrical charge, with a slightly positive end (hydrogen) and a slightly negative end (oxygen).
- This polarity allows water molecules to form temporary hydrogen bonds with each other, which is the basis for many of its unique properties.
- Cohesion is the tendency of water molecules to stick to each other, which contributes to surface tension and capillary action.
- Surface tension is the result of cohesive forces pulling water molecules at the surface inward, creating a "skin" that can support small objects like water striders.
- Adhesion is the tendency of water to stick to other substances, such as glass or plant cell walls, which, combined with cohesion, drives capillary action.
- Capillary action is the upward movement of water in narrow spaces against gravity, crucial for transporting water in plants from roots to leaves.
- Water is called the universal solvent because its polarity allows it to dissolve many substances, especially polar and ionic compounds like salt and sugar, by surrounding and separating their ions or molecules.
- Specific heat is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C; water has a very high specific heat (4,184 J/kg·°C), meaning it heats and cools slowly, helping to moderate climate and maintain stable internal temperatures in organisms.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of properties of water worksheet answers.
