Educational worksheet on wave properties featuring fill-in-the-blank statements, a labeled wave diagram, and matching exercises.

Let's solve each part of this worksheet step by step and explain the reasoning behind each answer.

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1. Complete the following statements:

• Waves transfer ____________ without transferring ____________.
✔ Energy, matter
👉 *Waves transfer energy from one place to another, but they do not carry matter with them. The particles in the medium oscillate but return to their original position.*

• Mechanical waves _________ travel through empty space.
✔ cannot
👉 *Mechanical waves (like sound or water waves) require a medium to travel through, so they cannot propagate in a vacuum.*

• Electromagnetic waves ________ travel through empty space.
✔ can
👉 *Electromagnetic waves (like light or radio waves) do not need a medium and can travel through a vacuum.*

• Transverse waves move _______________ to the direction of the wave.
✔ perpendicular
👉 *In transverse waves, the particle displacement is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation (e.g., waves on a string).*

• Longitudinal waves move _______________ to the direction of the wave.
✔ parallel
👉 *In longitudinal waves, the particle displacement is parallel to the direction of wave propagation (e.g., sound waves).*

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2. Use words in the box to complete the diagram.

Words available:
Hertz, period, metres, dip, seconds, peak, wavelength, trough, crest, frequency, amplitude, oscillation, equilibrium line

Now let’s label the diagram:

- Top arrow pointing to the highest point of the wave:
✔ crest
*(Also called "peak" — both are acceptable, but "crest" is more commonly used in wave diagrams.)*

- Arrow pointing to the lowest point of the wave:
✔ trough
*(Sometimes called "dip", but "trough" is standard.)*

- Horizontal double-headed arrow across one full wave cycle:
✔ wavelength
*(Distance between two consecutive crests or troughs.)*

- Vertical arrow measuring height from equilibrium line to crest:
✔ amplitude
*(Maximum displacement from rest position.)*

- Dashed horizontal line through the center:
✔ equilibrium line
*(The rest position of the wave.)*

So, labeling the boxes:

- Top left: wavelength
- Bottom left: equilibrium line
- Middle vertical: amplitude
- Top right: crest
- Bottom right: trough

> 💡 Note: Some versions may use “peak” instead of “crest”, but both are correct. “Trough” is preferred over “dip”.

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3. Select which property of a wave is being described in each statement.

Match the description to the correct term:

1. The top of a wave.
✔ crest (or peak)

2. The bottom of a wave.
✔ trough

3. The number of waves that pass in 1 second.
✔ frequency → measured in Hertz (Hz)

4. The time it takes for one wave to pass or complete a cycle.
✔ period → measured in seconds

5. The maximum height of a wave from the equilibrium line (rest position).
✔ amplitude

6. The distance between two consecutive troughs.
✔ wavelength

7. Waves that travel perpendicular to the energy movement.
✔ transverse waves

8. Waves that require a medium to travel through.
✔ mechanical waves

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✔ Final Answers:

#### 1. Fill-in-the-blanks:
- Waves transfer energy without transferring matter.
- Mechanical waves cannot travel through empty space.
- Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space.
- Transverse waves move perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
- Longitudinal waves move parallel to the direction of the wave.

#### 2. Diagram Labels:
- Left horizontal arrow: wavelength
- Vertical arrow: amplitude
- Top right: crest
- Bottom right: trough
- Dashed line: equilibrium line

#### 3. Matching Descriptions:
1. The top of a wave. → crest
2. The bottom of a wave. → trough
3. The number of waves that pass in 1 second. → frequency
4. The time it takes for one wave to pass or complete a cycle. → period
5. The maximum height of a wave from the equilibrium line. → amplitude
6. The distance between two consecutive troughs. → wavelength
7. Waves that travel perpendicular to the energy movement. → transverse waves
8. Waves that require a medium to travel through. → mechanical waves

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