Here is the solution to the questions based on the provided text and diagram:
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1. What is the correct order of protein synthesis?
✔ Answer: DNA → Transcription → mRNA → Translation → Protein
Explanation:
According to the reading, protein synthesis begins with DNA in the nucleus. First,
DNA is transcribed into mRNA (transcription). Then,
mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm, where it attaches to a
ribosome and is
translated into a protein with the help of tRNA. So the correct sequence is:
>
DNA → Transcription → mRNA → Translation → Protein
*(Note: The reading also mentions DNA replication must happen before transcription, but for the *expression* of information leading to protein synthesis, the core flow is DNA → mRNA → Protein.)*
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2. Where does the process of transcription occur during protein synthesis?
✔ Answer: In the nucleus
Explanation:
The text clearly states: *“Transcription also takes place in the nucleus.”* During transcription, DNA is copied into mRNA inside the nucleus before mRNA moves out to the cytoplasm.
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3. Where does the process of translation occur during protein synthesis?
✔ Answer: In the cytoplasm (at the ribosome)
Explanation:
The text says: *“Once transcription takes place the mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytoplasm where it will attach itself to a ribosome. The mRNA strand is then read at the ribosomes to make proteins; this process is called translation.”* So translation occurs in the
cytoplasm, specifically
at the ribosome.
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4. Nitrogen bases are read _______ bases at a time.
✔ Answer: 3
Explanation:
The text says: *“The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time which are called codons.”* So nitrogenous bases on mRNA are read in groups of
three — these are called codons.
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5. The bases on the mRNA strand are called ________________.
✔ Answer: Codons
Explanation:
As stated: *“The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time which are called codons.”* Each group of three bases on mRNA is a
codon, which codes for a specific amino acid.
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6. The bases on tRNA are called ________________.
✔ Answer: Anti-codons
Explanation:
The text says: *“Another type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) reads the codon message and brings the correct amino acid back to the ribosome. The 3 bases on tRNA are called anti-codons.”* So the complementary three-base sequences on tRNA that match mRNA codons are called
anti-codons.
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7. What are the three stop codons?
✔ Answer: UAA, UAG, UGA
Explanation:
The text explicitly states: *“The stop codons (UAG, UAA, and UGA) stop the building of proteins.”* These three codons signal termination of translation — no amino acid is added, and the ribosome releases the finished polypeptide chain.
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✔ Final Answers Summary:
1.
DNA → Transcription → mRNA → Translation → Protein
2.
In the nucleus
3.
In the cytoplasm (at the ribosome)
4.
3
5.
Codons
6.
Anti-codons
7.
UAA, UAG, UGA
Let me know if you’d like a diagram or mnemonic to remember these!
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of protein synthesis worksheet answers.
