Educational worksheet for identifying complex (multi-clause) sentences, including examples and explanations.

Task: Identify whether each sentence is a complex (multi-clause) sentence and provide an explanation.

#### Definition Recap:
- A complex sentence contains one independent clause (a complete thought that can stand alone) and at least one dependent clause (a clause that cannot stand alone because it does not express a complete thought).
- Dependent clauses can be created:
1. Using a subordinating conjunction (e.g., after, because, although).
2. Using a relative pronoun or relative adverb (e.g., who, which, where).

---

Sentence Analysis

#### 1. Fish have gills because they need to breathe underwater.
- Independent Clause: "Fish have gills."
- Dependent Clause: "because they need to breathe underwater" (introduced by the subordinating conjunction "because").
- Explanation: This sentence has one independent clause and one dependent clause, making it a complex sentence.
- Answer: Yes

---

#### 2. After dinner, we are going to take a stroll along the beach.
- Independent Clause: "We are going to take a stroll along the beach."
- Dependent Clause: "After dinner" (introduced by the subordinating conjunction "after").
- Explanation: This sentence has one independent clause and one dependent clause, making it a complex sentence.
- Answer: Yes

---

#### 3. The elephant trumpeted at the top of its lungs, which made everyone jump.
- Independent Clause: "The elephant trumpeted at the top of its lungs."
- Dependent Clause: "which made everyone jump" (introduced by the relative pronoun "which").
- Explanation: This sentence has one independent clause and one dependent clause, making it a complex sentence.
- Answer: Yes

---

#### 4. Martha's passport had expired so she needed to get a new one before her holiday.
- Independent Clause: "Martha's passport had expired."
- Dependent Clause: "so she needed to get a new one before her holiday" (introduced by the subordinating conjunction "so").
- Explanation: This sentence has one independent clause and one dependent clause, making it a complex sentence.
- Answer: Yes

---

Final Answers:

1. Yes
Explanation: Contains an independent clause ("Fish have gills") and a dependent clause ("because they need to breathe underwater").

2. Yes
Explanation: Contains an independent clause ("We are going to take a stroll along the beach") and a dependent clause ("After dinner").

3. Yes
Explanation: Contains an independent clause ("The elephant trumpeted at the top of its lungs") and a dependent clause ("which made everyone jump").

4. Yes
Explanation: Contains an independent clause ("Martha's passport had expired") and a dependent clause ("so she needed to get a new one before her holiday").

---

Summary Table:

| Sentence Number | Is it a complex sentence? | Explanation |
|-----------------|---------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 | Yes | Independent: "Fish have gills"; Dependent: "because they need to breathe underwater." |
| 2 | Yes | Independent: "We are going to take a stroll along the beach"; Dependent: "After dinner." |
| 3 | Yes | Independent: "The elephant trumpeted at the top of its lungs"; Dependent: "which made everyone jump." |
| 4 | Yes | Independent: "Martha's passport had expired"; Dependent: "so she needed to get a new one before her holiday." |

Final Answer: \boxed{Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes}