This science worksheet helps students understand how to separate mixtures through diagrams of filtration, distillation, and chromatography.

Problem Analysis:

The task involves understanding and completing the descriptions of three methods for separating mixtures: Filtration, Distillation, and Chromatography. Additionally, you need to match each mixture with the appropriate separation method.

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Solution:

#### 1. Filtration
- Description: This method separates small, solid particles from liquids.
- Diagram: Sand and water are being filtered using a filter paper and funnel.
- Missing Words:
- The water passes through the filter paper.
- The sand is held back.
- The sand particles are too big to pass through the pores in the filter paper.

Completed Paragraph:
This method separates small, solid particles from liquids. In the diagram, a mixture of sand and water is being filtered. The water passes through the filter paper, and the sand is held back. The sand particles are too big to pass through the pores in the filter paper.

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#### 2. Distillation
- Description: This method separates dissolved chemicals (solutes) from the liquids that they are dissolved in (solvents).
- Diagram: Salt solution is being separated into salt and water.
- Missing Words:
- The water evaporates from the boiling solution and then condenses as it is cooled in the condenser.
- The salt is left behind in the flask.

Completed Paragraph:
This method separates dissolved chemicals (solutes) from the liquids that they are dissolved in (solvents). In the diagram, salt solution is being separated into salt and water. The water evaporates from the boiling solution and then condenses as it is cooled in the condenser. The salt is left behind in the flask.

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#### 3. Chromatography
- Description: This method separates components of a mixture based on their solubility and movement through a medium (e.g., paper).
- Diagram: Colours in pen ink are being separated using paper chromatography.
- Missing Words:
- As water rises up the paper, it takes the colours with it.
- Different colours travel at different speeds.

Completed Paragraph:
In the diagram, the colours in pen ink are being separated. As water rises up the paper, it takes the colours with it. Different colours travel at different speeds. If the ink contains more than one colour, they will separate out along the paper.

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Exercise 2: Matching Mixtures with Separation Methods

Now, we need to match each mixture with the correct separation method.

#### Mixtures:
1. Muddy water
2. Copper sulphate solution
3. Peas and sand
4. Iron filings and sawdust

#### Separation Methods:
1. Distillation
2. Filtration
3. Sieving
4. Magnetic attraction

#### Matching:
1. Muddy water: This mixture consists of solid particles (mud) suspended in liquid (water). The best method to separate them is filtration.
- Reason: Filtration removes solid particles from a liquid by passing the mixture through a filter medium (e.g., filter paper).

2. Copper sulphate solution: This is a solution where copper sulphate is dissolved in water. To separate the solute (copper sulphate) from the solvent (water), distillation is used.
- Reason: Distillation evaporates the water (solvent) and collects it as condensed vapor, leaving the solute (copper sulphate) behind.

3. Peas and sand: Both peas and sand are solids, but they differ in size. Sieving can be used to separate them.
- Reason: Sieving uses a mesh or sieve to allow smaller particles (sand) to pass through while retaining larger particles (peas).

4. Iron filings and sawdust: Iron filings are magnetic, while sawdust is not. Magnetic attraction can be used to separate them.
- Reason: A magnet can attract the iron filings, leaving the sawdust behind.

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Final Answer:

1. Muddy water → filtration
2. Copper sulphate solution → distillation
3. Peas and sand → sieving
4. Iron filings and sawdust → magnetic attraction

Boxed Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{
\begin{array}{ll}
\text{Muddy water} & \text{filtration} \\
\text{Copper sulphate solution} & \text{distillation} \\
\text{Peas and sand} & \text{sieving} \\
\text{Iron filings and sawdust} & \text{magnetic attraction}
\end{array}
}
\]