Educational worksheet on separation techniques for mixtures.

Let's solve the task step by step.

Task:

Match each separating technique to its correct definition.

We are given five definitions on the left and five techniques on the right. We need to match them correctly.

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Step 1: Understand Each Technique

1. Chromatography
- Used to separate components of a mixture based on their different affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
- Often used for dissolved substances (like dyes in ink) that can be separated based on solubility and adhesion.

2. Decantation
- A physical separation method where a liquid is poured off from a solid that has settled at the bottom.
- Used when separating a liquid from a solid after settling.

3. Filtration
- Separates solids from liquids using a filter (like filter paper).
- Used when you have a solid suspended in a liquid, and you want to remove the solid.

4. Evaporation
- Removes a solvent from a solution by boiling or heating, leaving behind the dissolved solid.
- Used to separate a solute from a solvent in a solution.

5. Distillation
- Separates components of a solution based on differences in boiling points.
- Used to separate a solvent from a solution (especially when the solvent is volatile).

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Step 2: Match Definitions to Techniques

Now let’s go through each definition:

#### 1. "Used when separating a solvent from a solution"
→ This refers to distillation (e.g., separating water from saltwater).
✔ Match: Distillation

#### 2. "Used when separating a soluble solvent from a solid"
This is a bit tricky. If a solvent is soluble and we're separating it from a solid, it might mean the solid is dissolved — but usually, we say “solute” not “soluble solvent”.

Wait — likely meant as: separating a solvent from a solid, where the solid is insoluble? But it says "soluble solvent".

Actually, this may be poorly worded. Let’s interpret carefully.

But more logically: if a solid is mixed with a liquid (solvent), and the solid is insoluble, then we use filtration or decantation.

But here it says: “separating a soluble solvent from a solid” — that doesn’t make sense because a solvent isn't typically called "soluble" — it's the solute that dissolves.

Possibility: typo or miswording. Likely meant: separating a solid from a liquid (solvent) → Filtration.

But let’s check another possibility.

Wait — perhaps it means: separating a solvent from a solid that was dissolved in it? That would be evaporation.

But the phrase is: “a soluble solvent from a solid” — which is confusing.

Alternatively, maybe it means: separating a solid from a solution → that’s filtration.

Let’s look at the next one.

#### 3. "Used when separating mixtures containing dissolved substances"
→ This is chromatography — it separates dissolved substances (like pigments in ink) based on how they travel through a medium.

✔ Match: Chromatography

#### 4. "Used when separating a mixture through shaking and settling"
→ This describes decantation — you shake the mixture (maybe to mix), then let it settle, and pour off the liquid.

✔ Match: Decantation

#### 5. "Used when separating a solute from a solvent"
→ This is evaporation — heat the solution to evaporate the solvent, leaving the solute behind.

✔ Match: Evaporation

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Now let’s reassign all:

| Definition | Correct Technique |
|----------|-------------------|
| Used when separating a solvent from a solution | Distillation |
| Used when separating a soluble solvent from a solid | ✘ Ambiguous — likely meant filtration? But wait — let’s reconsider |

Wait — let’s re-express the second one:

> "Used when separating a soluble solvent from a solid"

This is odd. Solvents are not typically described as "soluble". Perhaps it's a typo and should be: "solute from a solvent"?

But no — the fifth one already says: "separating a solute from a solvent" → that’s evaporation.

So perhaps the second one is: separating a solid from a liquid → filtration?

But it says "a soluble solvent from a solid" — still confusing.

Alternative interpretation: Maybe it means: separating a solvent (that is soluble in something?) — no.

Wait — perhaps it's decantation? But decantation is for immiscible liquids or solid-liquid after settling.

But let’s list what we have so far:

- Chromatography → separating dissolved substances ✔
- Decantation → shaking and settling ✔
- Filtration → ?
- Evaporation → separating solute from solvent ✔
- Distillation → separating solvent from solution ✔

So now only one left: filtration.

What is filtration used for? It's used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.

So the definition that matches filtration must be: separating a solid from a liquid.

Looking back at the definitions:

> "Used when separating a soluble solvent from a solid"

That seems wrong.

But perhaps it's a typo and should be: "solid from a liquid", or "insoluble solid from a solvent".

But we have:

> "Used when separating a soluble solvent from a solid" — this doesn’t make sense.

Wait — maybe it's: "used when separating a solid from a liquid", but written poorly.

But looking again — the second definition is:

> "Used when separating a soluble solvent from a solid"

Perhaps it's supposed to be: "used when separating a solid from a solution" → that would be filtration.

But that’s not what it says.

Alternatively, could "soluble solvent" be a mistake? Maybe it's "solute"?

But the fifth one already says: "separating a solute from a solvent" → evaporation.

So perhaps the second one is actually: "used when separating a solid from a liquid" → filtration

But it says: "a soluble solvent from a solid" — which is backwards.

Wait — maybe it's: "used when separating a solid from a soluble solvent" → same thing.

But still, it's awkward.

Another idea: perhaps "soluble solvent" is a typo, and it should be "insoluble solid" — but that’s not helpful.

Let’s consider the most logical matching:

We have five definitions and five techniques.

From earlier:

1. "Used when separating a solvent from a solution" → Distillation
2. "Used when separating a soluble solvent from a solid" → ???
3. "Used when separating mixtures containing dissolved substances" → Chromatography
4. "Used when separating a mixture through shaking and settling" → Decantation
5. "Used when separating a solute from a solvent" → Evaporation

Only filtration is left.

So the second definition must be matched to filtration.

But what does filtration do? It separates insoluble solids from liquids.

So the best interpretation of the second definition is:
> "Used when separating a solid from a liquid" — even though it says "soluble solvent", it's likely a typo.

Alternatively, maybe it's: "used when separating a solid from a solution" — which is filtration.

So probably, the intended meaning is: separating a solid from a liquid (solution) → filtration

Therefore:

- "Used when separating a soluble solvent from a solid" → likely meant: separating a solid from a liquid → Filtration

But that’s inconsistent.

Wait — perhaps it's decantation?

No — decantation is for when the solid has settled, and you pour off the liquid.

Filtration is better for fine solids.

But let’s think about evaporation: it separates solute from solvent by removing solvent.

Distillation: separates solvent from solution (based on boiling point).

Chromatography: separates dissolved substances (e.g., colors in ink).

Decantation: separates liquid from solid after settling.

Filtration: separates solid from liquid using a filter.

Now, the definition: "Used when separating a soluble solvent from a solid" — still doesn’t make sense.

Wait — perhaps it's: "used when separating a solid from a solution" → Filtration

Yes! That makes sense.

So likely, the second definition is misphrased.

Let’s assume:

- "Used when separating a soluble solvent from a solid" → should be "separating a solid from a solution" → Filtration

Then:

- "Used when separating a solvent from a solution" → Distillation
- "Used when separating a solid from a solution" → Filtration
- "Used when separating mixtures containing dissolved substances" → Chromatography
- "Used when separating a mixture through shaking and settling" → Decantation
- "Used when separating a solute from a solvent" → Evaporation

But wait — "separating a solute from a solvent" → Evaporation — yes.

And "separating a solvent from a solution" → Distillation — yes.

But evaporation and distillation both separate solvent from solute, but distillation is for volatile solvents, evaporation is for non-volatile solutes.

But both are valid.

However, the key is: evaporation is used when you want to recover the solute by removing the solvent.

Distillation is used when you want to recover the solvent (e.g., purify water).

So:

- "Separating a solvent from a solution" → Distillation ✔
- "Separating a solute from a solvent" → Evaporation ✔

Now, "separating mixtures containing dissolved substances" → Chromatography ✔

"Separating a mixture through shaking and settling" → Decantation ✔

Then only one left: Filtration

So the remaining definition must be: "Used when separating a soluble solvent from a solid"

But that’s still strange.

Unless it's: "used when separating a solid from a liquid" — which is filtration.

So likely, the second definition is poorly worded and should be interpreted as: separating a solid from a liquid.

Thus:

Final Matching:

| Definition | Technique |
|----------|-----------|
| Used when separating a solvent from a solution | Distillation |
| Used when separating a solid from a liquid (implied by "soluble solvent from a solid") | Filtration |
| Used when separating mixtures containing dissolved substances | Chromatography |
| Used when separating a mixture through shaking and settling | Decantation |
| Used when separating a solute from a solvent | Evaporation |

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Answer:

1. Used when separating a solvent from a solution → Distillation
2. Used when separating a soluble solvent from a solid → Filtration *(assuming typo; should be "solid from liquid")*
3. Used when separating mixtures containing dissolved substances → Chromatography
4. Used when separating a mixture through shaking and settling → Decantation
5. Used when separating a solute from a solvent → Evaporation

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Summary of Matches:

- Distillation → separating solvent from solution
- Filtration → separating solid from liquid (even if phrased oddly)
- Chromatography → separating dissolved substances
- Decantation → shaking and settling
- Evaporation → separating solute from solvent

✔ All matched correctly based on standard science knowledge.

If you were to draw lines with colored pencils:

- Use red for Distillation
- Blue for Filtration
- Green for Chromatography
- Yellow for Decantation
- Purple for Evaporation

And connect each definition to its correct technique.

Let me know if you'd like a visual version or printable answer sheet!