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Using VSEPR to Predict the Shapes of Molecules

Table illustrating how to use VSEPR theory to predict molecular shapes, showing electron groups, electron-group shapes, bonds, lone pairs, AXₘEₙ notation, molecular shapes, bond angles, polarity, hybridization, and appearance for 2, 3, and 4 electron groups.

Table illustrating how to use VSEPR theory to predict molecular shapes, showing electron groups, electron-group shapes, bonds, lone pairs, AXₘEₙ notation, molecular shapes, bond angles, polarity, hybridization, and appearance for 2, 3, and 4 electron groups.

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- Determine the number of electron groups (bonds and lone pairs) around the central atom.
- Identify the electron-group shape based on the total number of electron groups (linear for 2, trigonal planar for 3, tetrahedral for 4).
- Count the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs to determine the molecular shape (e.g., AX₂E for trigonal planar electron geometry gives a bent molecular shape).
- Use the molecular shape to find the approximate bond angles (e.g., <120° for bent with trigonal planar electron geometry).
- Assess polarity: nonpolar if all surrounding atoms are identical and the shape is symmetric; polar if atoms differ or the shape is asymmetric.
- Assign hybridization based on the electron-group geometry (sp for linear, sp² for trigonal planar, sp³ for tetrahedral).
- Sketch the appearance using the molecular shape and bond angles, indicating lone pairs if present.
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of shapes of molecules worksheet.
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