Atoms viewed through an electron microscope, where color is added to make them visible.

It looks like you've uploaded a text passage titled "Atoms" by Sharon Fabian, which is an informative article explaining the nature of atoms, how scientists study them, and key discoveries in atomic theory. However, there doesn't appear to be a specific *problem* or *task* stated in the image—just the article itself.

Since you mentioned "solve the problem," I assume you may have intended to include a question or task related to this passage (e.g., a reading comprehension question, summary request, or analysis). But as it stands, no explicit question is provided.

Here’s what I can do based on common types of tasks associated with such a passage:

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✔ Possible Tasks & Solutions

#### 1. Summarize the main idea of the passage.
Solution:
The passage explains that atoms are extremely small particles that make up all matter and cannot be seen with ordinary tools. It describes how scientists use advanced instruments like electron microscopes, X-rays, and particle accelerators to study atoms. The article also outlines key historical discoveries about atomic structure, including electrons, protons, neutrons, and quarks.

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#### 2. Identify the key components of an atom according to the passage.
Solution:
According to the passage:
- Atoms contain electrons, discovered by Joseph John Thomson in 1897.
- Atoms have a central nucleus made of protons (discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1908) and neutrons (discovered by James Chadwick in 1932).
- Protons and neutrons are composed of smaller particles called quarks, discovered in the 1960s and named by Murray Gell-Mann.

So, the three main parts of an atom are:
- Electrons
- Protons
- Neutrons

And within protons and neutrons are quarks.

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#### 3. Explain how scientists study atoms.
Solution:
Scientists use several methods to study atoms:
- Electron microscopes: These allow scientists to see images of atoms (though colors are added artificially since real differences in color can't be detected).
- X-rays and spectrometers: Scientists analyze the light waves emitted by atoms; the color patterns help determine energy levels.
- Particle accelerators: These smash tiny particles into atoms at high speed, causing other particles to be released. This helps study nuclear fission and subatomic particles.

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#### 4. What is the significance of nuclear fission?
Solution:
Nuclear fission was first discovered in 1945 and involves splitting the nucleus of an atom. Although scientists didn’t expect immediate practical uses, it was quickly applied to create atomic bombs used during World War II (e.g., dropped on Japan).

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#### 5. What does the term “theory” mean in science, according to the passage?
Solution:
A theory is an idea that has been tested repeatedly by other scientists through observations and experiments. Once confirmed over time, it becomes accepted as a scientific theory.

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#### 6. Who discovered electrons, protons, neutrons, and quarks?
Solution:
- Electrons: Discovered by Joseph John Thomson in 1897.
- Protons: Discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1908.
- Neutrons: Discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.
- Quarks: Discovered in the 1960s and named by Murray Gell-Mann.

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