- Atoms are incredibly small, about one one-millionth the thickness of a human hair, and cannot be seen with ordinary microscopes.
- Scientists study atoms using powerful tools like electron microscopes, which can visualize atoms by adding color for clarity, even though atoms are naturally colorless.
- X-rays and spectrometers help analyze the light waves emitted by atoms to understand their energy levels.
- Particle accelerators, such as colliders, blast particles at atoms to study their structure, leading to discoveries like nuclear fission.
- Nuclear fission, discovered through particle accelerator experiments, was quickly applied to create atomic bombs used in World War II.
- New scientific ideas about atoms, like the discovery of electrons by Joseph John Thomson in 1897, are tested repeatedly before becoming accepted theories.
- Atoms consist of a heavy central nucleus surrounded by tiny particles called electrons.
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