Spanish grammar exercise focusing on the correct use of "ser" and "estar" verbs.

The task involves choosing between ser and estar for each sentence. In Spanish, ser and estar are both translated as "to be," but they are used in different contexts:

- Ser is used to describe permanent or inherent characteristics, identities, professions, origins, and time.
- Estar is used to describe temporary states, locations, emotions, and actions.

Let's solve the problem step by step:

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1. El profesor no _______ en la escuela.

- The professor is not at the school (temporary location).
- Answer: está

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2. El libro _______ encima de la mesa.

- The book is on top of the table (temporary location).
- Answer: está

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3. El señor Gómez _______ de Bélgica.

- Mr. Gómez is from Belgium (origin, permanent characteristic).
- Answer: es

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4. Caracas _______ en Venezuela.

- Caracas is in Venezuela (permanent location).
- Answer: está

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5. Mi prima _______ trabajando en la oficina.

- My cousin is working in the office (temporary action/state).
- Answer: está

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6. Mis hermanos _______ estudiando español.

- My siblings are studying Spanish (temporary action/state).
- Answer: están

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7. _______ la una y treinta.

- It is one thirty (time, permanent description).
- Answer: es

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8. ¿Dónde _______ los chicos?

- Where are the kids? (temporary location).
- Answer: están

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9. Mi padre _______ enfermo.

- My father is sick (temporary state).
- Answer: está

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10. Catalina y Lina _______ hermanas.

- Catalina and Lina are sisters (permanent relationship).
- Answer: son

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11. Victoria y yo _______ cocinando pollo.

- Victoria and I are cooking chicken (temporary action/state).
- Answer: estamos

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12. Nosotros _______ tristes.

- We are sad (temporary emotion/state).
- Answer: estamos

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13. ¿Dónde _______ el museo de arte?

- Where is the art museum? (location, permanent).
- Answer: está

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14. El 30 de abril _______ el cumpleaños de la señorita.

- April 30th is the birthday of the lady (time, permanent description).
- Answer: es

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15. La bandera _______ delante de la ventana.

- The flag is in front of the window (temporary location).
- Answer: está

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16. Gabriel y Enrique _______ inteligentes.

- Gabriel and Enrique are intelligent (permanent characteristic).
- Answer: son

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17. Paola _______ cansada.

- Paola is tired (temporary state).
- Answer: está

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18. _______ las dos y quince.

- It is two fifteen (time, permanent description).
- Answer: es

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19. La señora Rodríguez _______ delgada.

- Mrs. Rodríguez is thin (permanent characteristic).
- Answer: es

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20. Carmen _______ en la iglesia.

- Carmen is in the church (temporary location).
- Answer: está

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21. El Señor Salazar _______ un médico.

- Mr. Salazar is a doctor (permanent profession/identity).
- Answer: es

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22. María _______ alta, no _______ baja.

- María is tall, not short (permanent characteristic vs. temporary state).
- Answer: es, está

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Final Answers:

1. está
2. está
3. es
4. está
5. está
6. están
7. es
8. están
9. está
10. son
11. estamos
12. estamos
13. está
14. es
15. está
16. son
17. está
18. es
19. es
20. está
21. es
22. es, está

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Boxed Final Answer:

\[
\boxed{
\text{1. está, 2. está, 3. es, 4. está, 5. está, 6. están, 7. es, 8. están, 9. está, 10. son, 11. estamos, 12. estamos, 13. está, 14. es, 15. está, 16. son, 17. está, 18. es, 19. es, 20. está, 21. es, 22. es, está}
}
\]