Educational worksheet on acids, bases, and pH, featuring questions on properties, reactions, and nomenclature.

Acids/Bases & pH Worksheet Solution

#### PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND BASES
1. Acids taste _______ and bases taste _______, bases also feel _______.
- Acids taste sour.
- Bases taste bitter.
- Bases also feel slippery.

2. Acids turn litmus paper ________, bases turn litmus paper ________ and phenolphthalein ________.
- Acids turn litmus paper red.
- Bases turn litmus paper blue.
- Phenolphthalein turns pink in the presence of a base.

3. Circle: Weak acids are strong / weak electrolytes. A weak electrolyte is a poor / good conductor of electricity.
- Weak acids are weak electrolytes.
- A weak electrolyte is a poor conductor of electricity.

---

#### REACTIONS OF ACIDS AND BASES
4. The definition of a Brønsted-Lowry acid is:
- A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a substance that donates a proton (H⁺) in an acid-base reaction.

5. Identify the Brønsted-Lowry Acid & Base, and also the conjugate acid and conjugate base in each reaction:

- Reaction 5:
\[
\text{NH}_3(g) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \text{NH}_4^+(aq) + \text{OH}^-(aq)
\]
- Brønsted-Lowry Acid: H₂O (donates a proton to NH₃)
- Brønsted-Lowry Base: NH₃ (accepts a proton from H₂O)
- Conjugate Acid: NH₄⁺ (formed when NH₃ accepts a proton)
- Conjugate Base: OH⁻ (formed when H₂O donates a proton)

- Reaction 6:
\[
\text{HClO}_3(aq) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \text{H}_3\text{O}^+(aq) + \text{ClO}_3^-(aq)
\]
- Brønsted-Lowry Acid: HClO₃ (donates a proton to H₂O)
- Brønsted-Lowry Base: H₂O (accepts a proton from HClO₃)
- Conjugate Acid: H₃O⁺ (formed when H₂O accepts a proton)
- Conjugate Base: ClO₃⁻ (formed when HClO₃ donates a proton)

- Reaction 7:
\[
\text{HF}(aq) + \text{HSO}_3^-(aq) \rightleftharpoons \text{F}^-(aq) + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_3(aq)
\]
- Brønsted-Lowry Acid: HF (donates a proton to HSO₃⁻)
- Brønsted-Lowry Base: HSO₃⁻ (accepts a proton from HF)
- Conjugate Acid: H₂SO₃ (formed when HSO₃⁻ accepts a proton)
- Conjugate Base: F⁻ (formed when HF donates a proton)

8. The product of an Arrhenius acid and base neutralization are a/an ________ and ________.
- The products of an Arrhenius acid-base neutralization are a salt and water.

---

#### Complete and balance the following reactions:

9. HBr + NaOH → ________ + ________
- Balanced equation:
\[
\text{HBr} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{NaBr} + \text{H}_2\text{O}
\]

10. H₂SO₄ + KOH → ________ + ________
- Balanced equation:
\[
\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 + 2\text{KOH} \rightarrow \text{K}_2\text{SO}_4 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}
\]

11. HCl + Ca(OH)₂ → ________ + ________
- Balanced equation:
\[
2\text{HCl} + \text{Ca(OH)}_2 \rightarrow \text{CaCl}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}
\]

12. Fe(OH)₃ + H₂SO₄ → ________ + ________
- Balanced equation:
\[
2\text{Fe(OH)}_3 + 3\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{Fe}_2(\text{SO}_4)_3 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O}
\]

---

#### NAMING ACIDS & BASES

13. What is the correct formula for nitrous acid?
- Nitrous acid: HNO₂

14. What is the correct formula for hydrobromic acid?
- Hydrobromic acid: HBr

15. What is the correct name for H₃PO₃?
- H₃PO₃: Phosphorous acid

16. What is the correct name for HNO₃?
- HNO₃: Nitric acid

17. What is the correct formula for boric acid?
- Boric acid: H₃BO₃

18. What is the correct name for H₂SO₄?
- H₂SO₄: Sulfuric acid

19. What is the formula for aluminum hydroxide?
- Aluminum hydroxide: Al(OH)₃

20. What is the correct name for Sr(OH)₂?
- Sr(OH)₂: Strontium hydroxide

21. What is the correct name for Cu(OH)₂?
- Cu(OH)₂: Copper(II) hydroxide

22. What is the formula for iron (III) hydroxide?
- Iron (III) hydroxide: Fe(OH)₃

---

Final Answer:

\boxed{
\begin{aligned}
&\text{1. Sour, bitter, slippery} \\
&\text{2. Red, blue, pink} \\
&\text{3. Weak, poor} \\
&\text{4. Proton donor} \\
&\text{5. Acid: H}_2\text{O, Base: NH}_3, Conjugate Acid: NH}_4^+, \text{Conjugate Base: OH}^- \\
&\text{6. Acid: HClO}_3, \text{Base: H}_2\text{O, Conjugate Acid: H}_3\text{O}^+, \text{Conjugate Base: ClO}_3^- \\
&\text{7. Acid: HF, Base: HSO}_3^-, \text{Conjugate Acid: H}_2\text{SO}_3, \text{Conjugate Base: F}^- \\
&\text{8. Salt, water} \\
&\text{9. HBr + NaOH → NaBr + H}_2\text{O} \\
&\text{10. H}_2\text{SO}_4 + 2\text{KOH → K}_2\text{SO}_4 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \\
&\text{11. 2HCl + Ca(OH)}_2 \rightarrow \text{CaCl}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \\
&\text{12. 2Fe(OH)}_3 + 3\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{Fe}_2(\text{SO}_4)_3 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} \\
&\text{13. HNO}_2 \\
&\text{14. HBr} \\
&\text{15. Phosphorous acid} \\
&\text{16. Nitric acid} \\
&\text{17. H}_3\text{BO}_3 \\
&\text{18. Sulfuric acid} \\
&\text{19. Al(OH)}_3 \\
&\text{20. Strontium hydroxide} \\
&\text{21. Copper(II) hydroxide} \\
&\text{22. Fe(OH)}_3
\end{aligned}
}