Basic Atomic Structure worksheet for learning about protons, neutrons, electrons, and atomic numbers.

Problem Analysis:

The worksheet focuses on basic atomic structure and the periodic table. Let's solve each part step by step.

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Part 1: Labeling Parts of an Atom

The diagram shows a simplified model of an atom. The parts to label are:
- Nucleus: The central part containing protons and neutrons.
- Electrons: The negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus.

#### Subparts:
a) What type of charge does a proton have?
- Protons have a positive charge.

b) What type of charge does a neutron have?
- Neutrons are neutral (no charge).

c) What type of charge does an electron have?
- Electrons have a negative charge.

d) Which two subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?
- Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus.

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Part 2: Identifying Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Each element is represented by its chemical symbol, atomic number, and average atomic mass. The atomic number gives the number of protons, which is also equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom. The number of neutrons can be calculated as:
\[
\text{Number of Neutrons} = \text{Mass Number} - \text{Atomic Number}
\]
The mass number is approximately the average atomic mass rounded to the nearest whole number.

#### Element 1: Carbon (C)
- Atomic Number (P): 6
- Mass Number: Round 12.011 to 12
- Number of Neutrons (N): \( 12 - 6 = 6 \)
- Number of Electrons (E): 6 (same as protons)

#### Element 2: Neon (Ne)
- Atomic Number (P): 10
- Mass Number: Round 20.108 to 20
- Number of Neutrons (N): \( 20 - 10 = 10 \)
- Number of Electrons (E): 10 (same as protons)

#### Element 3: Potassium (K)
- Atomic Number (P): 19
- Mass Number: Round 39.098 to 39
- Number of Neutrons (N): \( 39 - 19 = 20 \)
- Number of Electrons (E): 19 (same as protons)

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Part 3: Completing the Table Using the Periodic Table

We use the following relationships:
1. Atomic Number: Equal to the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom.
2. Mass Number: Sum of protons and neutrons.
3. Number of Neutrons: Mass Number - Atomic Number.

#### Row 1: Sodium (Na)
- Symbol: Na
- Atomic Number: 11
- Mass Number: 23 (from the periodic table)
- Number of Protons: 11
- Number of Electrons: 11
- Number of Neutrons: \( 23 - 11 = 12 \)

#### Row 2: Potassium (K)
- Symbol: K
- Atomic Number: 19
- Mass Number: 39
- Number of Protons: 19
- Number of Electrons: 19
- Number of Neutrons: \( 39 - 19 = 20 \)

#### Row 3: Strontium (Sr)
- Symbol: Sr
- Atomic Number: 38
- Mass Number: 88 (from the periodic table)
- Number of Protons: 38
- Number of Electrons: 38
- Number of Neutrons: 50 (given)

#### Row 4: Fluorine (F)
- Symbol: F
- Atomic Number: 9
- Mass Number: 19 (from the periodic table)
- Number of Protons: 9
- Number of Electrons: 9
- Number of Neutrons: \( 19 - 9 = 10 \)

#### Row 5: Calcium (Ca)
- Symbol: Ca
- Atomic Number: 20
- Mass Number: 40
- Number of Protons: 20
- Number of Electrons: 20
- Number of Neutrons: \( 40 - 20 = 20 \)

#### Row 6: Tin (Sn)
- Symbol: Sn
- Atomic Number: 50
- Mass Number: 120 (from the periodic table)
- Number of Protons: 50
- Number of Electrons: 50
- Number of Neutrons: 69 (given)

#### Row 7: Iodine (I)
- Symbol: I
- Atomic Number: 53
- Mass Number: 127
- Number of Protons: 53
- Number of Electrons: 53
- Number of Neutrons: \( 127 - 53 = 74 \)

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Final Answers:

#### Part 1:
a) Positive charge
b) Neutral
c) Negative charge
d) Protons and neutrons

#### Part 2:
- Carbon (C): P = 6, N = 6, E = 6
- Neon (Ne): P = 10, N = 10, E = 10
- Potassium (K): P = 19, N = 20, E = 19

#### Part 3:
| Symbol | Atomic Number | Mass Number | Number of Protons | Number of Electrons | Number of Neutrons |
|--------|---------------|-------------|--------------------|---------------------|--------------------|
| Na | 11 | 23 | 11 | 11 | 12 |
| K | 19 | 39 | 19 | 19 | 20 |
| Sr | 38 | 88 | 38 | 38 | 50 |
| F | 9 | 19 | 9 | 9 | 10 |
| Ca | 20 | 40 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Sn | 50 | 120 | 50 | 50 | 69 |
| I | 53 | 127 | 53 | 53 | 74 |

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Boxed Final Answer:

\[
\boxed{
\begin{array}{l}
\text{Part 1:} \\
\text{a) Positive charge} \\
\text{b) Neutral} \\
\text{c) Negative charge} \\
\text{d) Protons and neutrons} \\
\\
\text{Part 2:} \\
\text{Carbon (C): P = 6, N = 6, E = 6} \\
\text{Neon (Ne): P = 10, N = 10, E = 10} \\
\text{Potassium (K): P = 19, N = 20, E = 19} \\
\\
\text{Part 3:} \\
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\text{Symbol} & \text{Atomic Number} & \text{Mass Number} & \text{Number of Protons} & \text{Number of Electrons} & \text{Number of Neutrons} \\
\hline
\text{Na} & 11 & 23 & 11 & 11 & 12 \\
\hline
\text{K} & 19 & 39 & 19 & 19 & 20 \\
\hline
\text{Sr} & 38 & 88 & 38 & 38 & 50 \\
\hline
\text{F} & 9 & 19 & 9 & 9 & 10 \\
\hline
\text{Ca} & 20 & 40 & 20 & 20 & 20 \\
\hline
\text{Sn} & 50 & 120 & 50 & 50 & 69 \\
\hline
\text{I} & 53 & 127 & 53 & 53 & 74 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{array}
}
\]