Subnetting table with IP addresses, CIDR notation, and custom subnet masks for network design.

To solve the problem and explain the solution, let's break it down step by step. The task involves analyzing the given table, which contains IP addresses, borrow values, CIDR notation, and custom subnet masks. We need to fill in the missing information and ensure consistency across the table.

Step 1: Understand the Table Structure

The table has the following columns:
1. Bits: Number of bits borrowed for subnetting.
2. Decimal: Decimal value corresponding to the number of bits borrowed.
3. Address: An IPv4 address.
4. Borrow: Number of bits borrowed for subnetting.
5. CIDR: CIDR notation (e.g., `/24`).
6. Custom Subnet Mask: Subnet mask derived from the number of bits borrowed.

Step 2: Key Concepts

- Subnetting: Dividing a network into smaller subnets by borrowing bits from the host portion of the IP address.
- CIDR Notation: Indicates the number of bits used for the network portion (prefix length).
- Subnet Mask: A 32-bit number that defines the network and host portions of an IP address. It is represented in dotted decimal notation (e.g., `255.255.255.0`).

Step 3: Solve Each Row

#### Row 1:
- Bits: 1
- Decimal: 128
- Address: 186.46.79.158
- Borrow: 8
- CIDR: /29
- Custom Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

This row is already complete. Let's verify:
- Borrow: 8 bits are borrowed.
- CIDR: `/29` means 29 bits are used for the network portion.
- Custom Subnet Mask: `255.255.255.0` corresponds to a `/24` network, but since 5 additional bits are borrowed (`/29`), the mask is correct.

#### Row 2:
- Bits: 2
- Decimal: 192
- Address: 205.18.44.97
- Borrow: 4
- CIDR: /28
- Custom Subnet Mask: ?

To find the custom subnet mask:
- Borrow: 4 bits are borrowed.
- CIDR: `/28` means 28 bits are used for the network portion.
- Subnet Mask Calculation:
- Default Class C subnet mask: `255.255.255.0` (or `/24`).
- Borrowing 4 additional bits: `255.255.255.240`.

So, the custom subnet mask is 255.255.255.240.

#### Row 3:
- Bits: 3
- Decimal: 224
- Address: 78.46.94.10
- Borrow: 16
- CIDR: ?
- Custom Subnet Mask: ?

To find the CIDR and custom subnet mask:
- Borrow: 16 bits are borrowed.
- CIDR: `/24 + 16 = /40`.
- Subnet Mask Calculation:
- Default Class A subnet mask: `255.0.0.0` (or `/8`).
- Borrowing 16 additional bits: `255.255.255.0`.

So, the CIDR is /40, and the custom subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

#### Row 4:
- Bits: 4
- Decimal: 240
- Address: 119.218.15.2
- Borrow: 13
- CIDR: ?
- Custom Subnet Mask: ?

To find the CIDR and custom subnet mask:
- Borrow: 13 bits are borrowed.
- CIDR: `/24 + 13 = /37`.
- Subnet Mask Calculation:
- Default Class B subnet mask: `255.255.0.0` (or `/16`).
- Borrowing 13 additional bits: `255.255.255.224`.

So, the CIDR is /37, and the custom subnet mask is 255.255.255.224.

#### Row 5:
- Bits: 5
- Decimal: 248
- Address: 48.54.164.58
- Borrow: 5
- CIDR: ?
- Custom Subnet Mask: ?

To find the CIDR and custom subnet mask:
- Borrow: 5 bits are borrowed.
- CIDR: `/24 + 5 = /29`.
- Subnet Mask Calculation:
- Default Class C subnet mask: `255.255.255.0` (or `/24`).
- Borrowing 5 additional bits: `255.255.255.248`.

So, the CIDR is /29, and the custom subnet mask is 255.255.255.248.

#### Row 6:
- Bits: 6
- Decimal: 252
- Address: 192.168.0.45
- Borrow: 3
- CIDR: ?
- Custom Subnet Mask: ?

To find the CIDR and custom subnet mask:
- Borrow: 3 bits are borrowed.
- CIDR: `/24 + 3 = /27`.
- Subnet Mask Calculation:
- Default Class C subnet mask: `255.255.255.0` (or `/24`).
- Borrowing 3 additional bits: `255.255.255.224`.

So, the CIDR is /27, and the custom subnet mask is 255.255.255.224.

#### Row 7:
- Bits: 7
- Decimal: 254
- Address: 172.16.45.8
- Borrow: 2
- CIDR: ?
- Custom Subnet Mask: ?

To find the CIDR and custom subnet mask:
- Borrow: 2 bits are borrowed.
- CIDR: `/24 + 2 = /26`.
- Subnet Mask Calculation:
- Default Class C subnet mask: `255.255.255.0` (or `/24`).
- Borrowing 2 additional bits: `255.255.255.192`.

So, the CIDR is /26, and the custom subnet mask is 255.255.255.192.

#### Row 8:
- Bits: 8
- Decimal: 255
- Address: 99.99.99.99
- Borrow: 15
- CIDR: ?
- Custom Subnet Mask: ?

To find the CIDR and custom subnet mask:
- Borrow: 15 bits are borrowed.
- CIDR: `/24 + 15 = /39`.
- Subnet Mask Calculation:
- Default Class C subnet mask: `255.255.255.0` (or `/24`).
- Borrowing 15 additional bits: `255.255.255.252`.

So, the CIDR is /39, and the custom subnet mask is 255.255.255.252.

Step 4: Final Answer

Here is the completed table:

| Bits | Decimal | Address | Borrow | CIDR | Custom Subnet Mask |
|------|---------|---------------|--------|-------|---------------------|
| 1 | 128 | 186.46.79.158 | 8 | /29 | 255.255.255.0 |
| 2 | 192 | 205.18.44.97 | 4 | /28 | 255.255.255.240 |
| 3 | 224 | 78.46.94.10 | 16 | /40 | 255.255.255.0 |
| 4 | 240 | 119.218.15.2 | 13 | /37 | 255.255.255.224 |
| 5 | 248 | 48.54.164.58 | 5 | /29 | 255.255.255.248 |
| 6 | 252 | 192.168.0.45 | 3 | /27 | 255.255.255.224 |
| 7 | 254 | 172.16.45.8 | 2 | /26 | 255.255.255.192 |
| 8 | 255 | 99.99.99.99 | 15 | /39 | 255.255.255.252 |

Final Answer:

\boxed{
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\text{Bits} & \text{Decimal} & \text{Address} & \text{Borrow} & \text{CIDR} & \text{Custom Subnet Mask} \\
\hline
1 & 128 & 186.46.79.158 & 8 & /29 & 255.255.255.0 \\
\hline
2 & 192 & 205.18.44.97 & 4 & /28 & 255.255.255.240 \\
\hline
3 & 224 & 78.46.94.10 & 16 & /40 & 255.255.255.0 \\
\hline
4 & 240 & 119.218.15.2 & 13 & /37 & 255.255.255.224 \\
\hline
5 & 248 & 48.54.164.58 & 5 & /29 & 255.255.255.248 \\
\hline
6 & 252 & 192.168.0.45 & 3 & /27 & 255.255.255.224 \\
\hline
7 & 254 & 172.16.45.8 & 2 & /26 & 255.255.255.192 \\
\hline
8 & 255 & 99.99.99.99 & 15 & /39 & 255.255.255.252 \\
\hline
\end{array}
}