Endocrine System Interactive Activity: Complete the diagram and table to learn about glands and their hormonal functions.

Let's solve this Endocrine System Interactive Activity step by step.

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Part 1: Complete the Diagram

The diagram shows two human figures (male and female) with various endocrine glands labeled. All the glands are already correctly labeled in the image:

- Pineal gland – located in the brain
- Pituitary gland – at the base of the brain
- Parathyroid glands – on the back of the thyroid gland
- Thyroid gland – in the neck
- Adrenal glands – on top of the kidneys
- Pancreas – behind the stomach
- Ovaries – in the female pelvis
- Testes – in the male scrotum

✔ So, no additional labeling is needed for Part 1 — it's already complete.

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Part 2: Complete the Table

We need to match each function with the correct gland and hormone.

Let’s go through each row one by one.

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#### 1. It causes bone calcification by reducing blood calcium levels.
- This refers to parathyroid hormone (PTH), but wait — actually, PTH *increases* blood calcium.
- The hormone that reduces blood calcium and promotes bone calcification is calcitonin.
- Gland: Thyroid gland
- Hormone: Calcitonin
> ✔ Thyroid gland → Calcitonin

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#### 2. It reduces blood glucose levels and stimulates its storage by the liver and muscle cells.
- This is insulin.
- Gland: Pancreas
- Hormone: Insulin
> ✔ Pancreas → Insulin

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#### 3. It increases blood calcium levels using calcium stored from the bones.
- This is parathyroid hormone (PTH).
- Gland: Parathyroid glands
- Hormone: Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
> ✔ Parathyroid glands → PTH

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#### 4. It is responsible for male sex characteristics.
- Testosterone is the main male sex hormone.
- Gland: Testes
- Hormone: Testosterone
> ✔ Testes → Testosterone

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#### 5. It is involved in the menstrual cycle, and preparing the uterus for pregnancy.
- This is progesterone, which is produced by the ovaries.
- Gland: Ovaries
- Hormone: Progesterone
> ✔ Ovaries → Progesterone

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#### 6. Stimulates cell metabolism, growth and development.
- This is thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3).
- Gland: Thyroid gland
- Hormone: Thyroxine (T4) / Triiodothyronine (T3)
> ✔ Thyroid gland → Thyroxine (or T3/T4)

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#### 7. It increases blood glucose levels by removing it from the body storage, such as liver and muscles.
- This is glucagon.
- Gland: Pancreas
- Hormone: Glucagon
> ✔ Pancreas → Glucagon

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#### 8. They are responsible for female sex characteristics and regulate the menstrual cycle and egg development.
- These are estrogen and progesterone.
- Gland: Ovaries
- Hormone: Estrogen (and progesterone, but estrogen is key for female traits)
> ✔ Ovaries → Estrogen

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#### 9. They regulate part of the metabolism and have an anti-inflammatory effect.
- This describes cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone.
- Gland: Adrenal glands
- Hormone: Cortisol
> ✔ Adrenal glands → Cortisol

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#### 10. They are sympathetic neurotransmitters.
- This refers to epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
- Gland: Adrenal glands
- Hormone: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
> ✔ Adrenal glands → Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

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#### 11. It regulates cycles of sleep, rest and activity.
- This is melatonin, produced by the pineal gland.
- Gland: Pineal gland
- Hormone: Melatonin
> ✔ Pineal gland → Melatonin

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#### 12. They stimulate the secretion of other endocrine glands such as testis, ovaries, thyroid and adrenal gland.
- This refers to pituitary hormones:
- FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, etc.
- Gland: Pituitary gland
- Hormone: Trophic hormones (e.g., FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH)
> ✔ Pituitary gland → FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH (tropic hormones)

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✔ Final Completed Table:

| GLAND | HORMONE | FUNCTION |
|--------------------|----------------------------------|----------|
| Thyroid gland | Calcitonin | It causes bone calcification by reducing blood calcium levels. |
| Pancreas | Insulin | It reduces blood glucose levels and stimulates its storage by the liver and muscle cells. |
| Parathyroid glands| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | It increases blood calcium levels using calcium stored from the bones. |
| Testes | Testosterone | It is responsible for male sex characteristics. |
| Ovaries | Progesterone | It is involved in the menstrual cycle, and preparing the uterus for pregnancy. |
| Thyroid gland | Thyroxine (T4) | Stimulates cell metabolism, growth and development. |
| Pancreas | Glucagon | It increases blood glucose levels by removing it from the body storage, such as liver and muscles. |
| Ovaries | Estrogen | They are responsible for female sex characteristics and regulate the menstrual cycle and egg development. |
| Adrenal glands | Cortisol | They regulate part of the metabolism and have an anti-inflammatory effect. |
| Adrenal glands | Epinephrine and Norepinephrine | They are sympathetic neurotransmitters. |
| Pineal gland | Melatonin | It regulates cycles of sleep, rest and activity. |
| Pituitary gland | FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH | They stimulate the secretion of other endocrine glands such as testis, ovaries, thyroid and adrenal gland. |

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📌 Summary of Key Concepts:

- Thyroid: Metabolism (T3/T4), calcium regulation (calcitonin)
- Parathyroid: Calcium balance (PTH)
- Pancreas: Blood sugar control (insulin, glucagon)
- Adrenals: Stress response (cortisol, epinephrine), metabolism
- Pituitary: Master gland; controls others via tropic hormones
- Pineal: Sleep-wake cycle (melatonin)
- Gonads (ovaries/testes): Sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone)

Let me know if you'd like this table formatted for printing or as a downloadable file!