Ionic Bonding Worksheet with completed examples demonstrating electron transfer and ion formation in chemical reactions.

Let’s go through each reaction step by step. We’ll look at how many valence electrons each atom has, where the electrons move during bonding, and what ions are formed in the product.

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Reaction 1: Li + Cl → LiCl

- Lithium (Li) is in Group 1 → has 1 valence electron
- Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 17 → has 7 valence electrons
- Li gives its 1 electron to Cl so both can have full outer shells.
- After transfer:
- Li becomes Li⁺ (lost 1 electron)
- Cl becomes Cl⁻ (gained 1 electron)

✔ Table for Reaction 1:
| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Li | 1 | 1 to Cl | Li⁺ |
| Cl | 7 | 1 from Li | Cl⁻ |

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Reaction 2: Ca + O → CaO

- Calcium (Ca) is in Group 2 → has 2 valence electrons
- Oxygen (O) is in Group 16 → has 6 valence electrons
- Ca gives both of its electrons to O.
- After transfer:
- Ca becomes Ca²⁺ (lost 2 electrons)
- O becomes O²⁻ (gained 2 electrons)

✔ Table for Reaction 2:
| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Ca | 2 | 2 to O | Ca²⁺ |
| O | 6 | 2 from Ca | O²⁻ |

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Reaction 3: Be + F → BeF₂

- Beryllium (Be) is in Group 2 → has 2 valence electrons
- Fluorine (F) is in Group 17 → has 7 valence electrons
- Since there are two F atoms, Be gives 1 electron to each F.
- After transfer:
- Be becomes Be²⁺ (lost 2 electrons total)
- Each F becomes F⁻ (each gained 1 electron)

✔ Table for Reaction 3:
| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Be | 2 | 1 to each F | Be²⁺ |
| F | 7 | Each gets 1 from Be | F⁻ |

*(Note: Even though it says “F” once in the table, remember there are TWO fluorine atoms in BeF₂ — each gains one electron.)*

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Reaction 4: Mg + S → MgS

- Magnesium (Mg) is in Group 2 → has 2 valence electrons
- Sulfur (S) is in Group 16 → has 6 valence electrons
- Mg gives both electrons to S.
- After transfer:
- Mg becomes Mg²⁺
- S becomes S²⁻

✔ Table for Reaction 4:
| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Mg | 2 | 2 to S | Mg²⁺ |
| S | 6 | 2 from Mg | S²⁻ |

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Reaction 5: K + F → KF

- Potassium (K) is in Group 1 → has 1 valence electron
- Fluorine (F) is in Group 17 → has 7 valence electrons
- K gives its 1 electron to F.
- After transfer:
- K becomes K⁺ (not K⁺² — that was a mistake in the original worksheet!)
- F becomes F⁻

⚠️ Correction: In the original image, someone wrote “K⁺²” and “F⁻¹”. That’s incorrect.
- K only loses 1 electron → charge is +1, not +2.
- F gains 1 electron → charge is -1, which is correct, but we usually write it as F⁻, not F⁻¹.

✔ Corrected Table for Reaction 5:
| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| K | 1 | 1 to F | K⁺ |
| F | 7 | 1 from K | F⁻ |

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Final Answer:

Here are the corrected tables for all reactions:

Reaction 1: Li + Cl → LiCl
| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Li | 1 | 1 to Cl | Li⁺ |
| Cl | 7 | 1 from Li | Cl⁻ |

Reaction 2: Ca + O → CaO
| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Ca | 2 | 2 to O | Ca²⁺ |
| O | 6 | 2 from Ca | O²⁻ |

Reaction 3: Be + F → BeF₂
| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Be | 2 | 1 to each F | Be²⁺ |
| F | 7 | Each gets 1 from Be | F⁻ |

Reaction 4: Mg + S → MgS
| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Mg | 2 | 2 to S | Mg²⁺ |
| S | 6 | 2 from Mg | S²⁻ |

Reaction 5: K + F → KF
| Atoms | Valence electrons | Electron transfer from/to each atom | Ions formed in the product |
|-------|-------------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| K | 1 | 1 to F | K⁺ |
| F | 7 | 1 from K | F⁻ |

*(Note: The original worksheet had an error in Reaction 5 — K should be K⁺, not K⁺².)*