Venn diagram illustrating sets A and B within a universal set U, with elements distributed across intersections and non-overlapping regions.

Let’s solve this step by step.

We are given a Venn diagram with two overlapping circles labeled A and B, inside a rectangle called the Universal Set U.

The elements (letters) are placed in different regions:

- Inside circle A only: a, c, h
- Inside circle B only: e, g, j
- In the overlap of A and B (intersection): b, d, i
- Outside both circles but still in U: f, k, m, p, l, s, r, q

We need to find A ∪ B — that means “A union B”.

What does “union” mean?
It means all the elements that are in A OR in B OR in both.
So we take everything inside circle A and everything inside circle B — including the overlapping part — but we don’t count any letter twice.

Let’s list them:

From circle A only: a, c, h
From circle B only: e, g, j
From the overlap (both A and B): b, d, i

Now combine them all together:

a, c, h, b, d, i, e, g, j

We can write them in alphabetical order to make it neat:

a, b, c, d, e, g, h, i, j

Wait — let’s double-check if we missed anything or included something outside.

Look again at the diagram:

Circle A has: a, c, h (left side), and b, d, i (middle) → so A = {a, b, c, d, h, i}

Circle B has: e, g, j (right side), and b, d, i (middle) → so B = {b, d, e, g, i, j}

Union A ∪ B = all unique letters from both sets.

Combine:

From A: a, b, c, d, h, i
From B: b, d, e, g, i, j

Remove duplicates: b, d, i appear in both — we only list them once.

Final list: a, b, c, d, e, g, h, i, j

Yes — that’s 9 elements.

Also note: The letters outside both circles (f, k, m, p, l, s, r, q) are NOT part of A ∪ B — they’re in U but not in A or B.

So our answer is correct.

Final Answer:
{a, b, c, d, e, g, h, i, j}