Why Government? | Hobbes and Locke Lesson Plan | iCivics - Free Printable

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Section B: Compare & Contrast – Write the letter of each word or phrase in the correct part of the diagram

This section asks you to classify terms into two categories: Natural Rights and Government/Social Contract. Here are the options:

- A. Natural Rights
- B. Life
- C. Liberty
- D. Property
- E. Government
- F. No laws
- G. Laws
- H. Compromises are made
- I. You are on your own
- J. Rights are protected

#### Step 1: Understand the concepts
- Natural Rights: These are rights people have by nature (e.g., life, liberty, property) — they exist even without government.
- Government / Social Contract: This refers to society agreeing to follow rules for order and protection; laws, compromises, and protections are created through this agreement.

#### Step 2: Classify the items

Natural Rights (A):
- B. Life ✔ (a natural right)
- C. Liberty ✔ (a natural right)
- D. Property ✔ (a natural right)

Government / Social Contract (E):
- F. No laws ✘ → This is the *opposite* of government
- G. Laws ✔ (created by government)
- H. Compromises are made ✔ (part of social contract)
- I. You are on your own ✘ → This describes a state of nature, not government
- J. Rights are protected ✔ (government's role)

So:
- Natural Rights (A) → B, C, D
- Government / Social Contract (E) → G, H, J

> Note: F and I belong to the State of Nature, which is not listed as a category here but implied.

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Section C: What’s the Connection? Explain how each set of words are related.

#### 1. Life / Liberty / Property
These are the three fundamental natural rights identified by Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke. They are considered inherent to all humans and form the basis for individual freedom.

> Connection: These three rights are often grouped together because they are essential for personal freedom and are protected by governments under a social contract.

#### 2. State of Nature / War
The "state of nature" is a philosophical concept (from thinkers like Thomas Hobbes) describing human life without government. In this condition, there are no laws, so people act on self-interest, leading to conflict and chaos.

> Connection: Without government, the state of nature results in a "war of all against all" — constant fear and violence due to lack of rules.

#### 3. Government / Social Contract
A social contract is an agreement among people to give up some freedoms in exchange for order, security, and protection of rights.

> Connection: Government exists because people agree to a social contract — they accept laws and authority to avoid chaos and protect their natural rights.

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Section D: Hobbes vs. Locke – Decide whether Hobbes and Locke would agree about each statement

We’re given two statements and asked to determine if Hobbes and Locke would agree or disagree.

#### Statement 1: *"There are no laws in a state of nature, and people are always at war."*

- Hobbes: YES — He believed life in the state of nature was "nasty, brutish, and short," with constant conflict.
- Locke: NO — He believed people could live peacefully in the state of nature, guided by reason and natural law.

> ✔ Hobbes agrees | ✘ Locke disagrees

#### Statement 2: *"Rulers should have complete power and should not be able to be kicked out by the people."*

- Hobbes: YES — He supported absolute monarchy to maintain order and prevent chaos.
- Locke: NO — He believed rulers derive power from the consent of the governed and can be overthrown if they violate natural rights.

> ✔ Hobbes agrees | ✘ Locke disagrees

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Final Question: If there is a statement where Hobbes and Locke would disagree, explain their differences.

Let’s use Statement 1 or 2 — both show disagreement.

> Example Answer (using Statement 2):
> Hobbes and Locke strongly disagree on the legitimacy of rulers’ power. Hobbes believed that people must surrender all power to a strong ruler (like a king) to avoid chaos, so rulers should have complete power and cannot be removed. Locke, however, argued that government exists only with the people’s consent and that if rulers abuse power or violate natural rights, the people have the right to overthrow them. Thus, while Hobbes favored absolute authority, Locke supported limited government and the right to revolution.

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✔ Summary of Answers

#### B. Compare & Contrast
- Natural Rights (A): B (Life), C (Liberty), D (Property)
- Government / Social Contract (E): G (Laws), H (Compromises are made), J (Rights are protected)

#### C. What’s the Connection?
1. Life / Liberty / Property: These are core natural rights protected by government.
2. State of Nature / War: Without laws, the state of nature leads to constant conflict.
3. Government / Social Contract: People create government through a social contract to ensure order and protect rights.

#### D. Hobbes vs. Locke
| Statement | Hobbes | Locke |
|---------|--------|-------|
| No laws, always at war | Agree | Disagree |
| Rulers should have complete power | Agree | Disagree |

> Explanation of difference: Hobbes saw government as necessary to prevent chaos, supporting absolute rule. Locke believed in limited government based on consent and natural rights, allowing people to remove unjust rulers.

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