Naming Ionic and Covalent Compounds Practice Problems - Chemistry ... - Free Printable

Of course! This image presents a list of 30 chemical compounds, each with its name written below a blank box. The task is to write the correct chemical formula for each compound in its corresponding box.

Here is the complete solution, with formulas listed in the same 10-row, 3-column grid as shown in the image. I’ll also explain the key rules used to derive each formula.

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✔ Solution: Chemical Formulas

#### Row 1
- Nitrogen monoxide: `NO`
- Manganese dioxide: `MnO₂`
- Iron(III) oxide: `Fe₂O₃`

#### Row 2
- Silver bromide: `AgBr`
- Cuprous hydroxide: `CuOH` *(Note: “Cuprous” = Cu⁺)*
- Copper(I) nitrate: `CuNO₃`

#### Row 3
- Sulfur dioxide: `SO₂`
- Silver chromate: `Ag₂CrO₄`
- Mercuric hydroxide: `Hg(OH)₂` *(“Mercuric” = Hg²⁺)*

#### Row 4
- Lead(IV) iodide: `PbI₄`
- Barium perchlorate: `Ba(ClO₄)₂`
- Calcium carbide: `CaC₂`

#### Row 5
- Potassium carbonate: `K₂CO₃`
- Cadmium sulfite: `CdSO₃`
- Chromic sulfate: `Cr₂(SO₄)₃` *(“Chromic” = Cr³⁺)*

#### Row 6
- Hydrosulfuric acid: `H₂S`
- Potassium dichromate: `K₂Cr₂O₇`
- Stannous chloride: `SnCl₂` *(“Stannous” = Sn²⁺)*

#### Row 7
- Sodium bicarbonate: `NaHCO₃`
- Ammonium sulfate: `(NH₄)₂SO₄`
- Ferric carbonate: `Fe₂(CO₃)₃` *(“Ferric” = Fe³⁺)*

#### Row 8
- Aluminum nitrate: `Al(NO₃)₃`
- Potassium permanganate: `KMnO₄`
- Ammonium hydroxide: `NH₄OH`

#### Row 9
- Ferrous sulfide: `FeS` *(“Ferrous” = Fe²⁺)*
- Lithium bisulfate: `LiHSO₄`
- Diphosphorus pentoxide: `P₂O₅`

#### Row 10
- Magnesium fluoride: `MgF₂`
- Zinc chlorate: `Zn(ClO₃)₂`
- Carbon tetrachloride: `CCl₄`

#### Row 11 (last row — correction: image has 11 rows)
- Calcium cyanide: `Ca(CN)₂`
- Aluminium phosphate: `AlPO₄`
- Aluminium Oxide: `Al₂O₃`

*(Note: Image actually shows 11 rows, not 10 — last row was missed in initial count.)*

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🧪 Explanation of Key Rules Used

To derive these formulas, we follow standard ionic compound naming and formula writing rules:

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#### 1. Binary Compounds (Two Elements)
- Use charges to balance the formula.
- Example: `Fe³⁺` and `O²⁻` → need 2 Fe and 3 O → `Fe₂O₃`

#### 2. Polyatomic Ions
- Memorize common polyatomic ions:
- `NO₃⁻` (nitrate), `SO₄²⁻` (sulfate), `CO₃²⁻` (carbonate), `OH⁻` (hydroxide), `NH₄⁺` (ammonium), `CrO₄²⁻` (chromate), `ClO₄⁻` (perchlorate), etc.
- Example: `Ag⁺` + `CrO₄²⁻` → `Ag₂CrO₄`

#### 3. Roman Numerals Indicate Metal Charge
- Iron(III) = Fe³⁺, Lead(IV) = Pb⁴⁺, Copper(I) = Cu⁺, etc.
- Example: `Pb⁴⁺` + `I⁻` → `PbI₄`

#### 4. Common Names (Older Nomenclature)
- “Cuprous” = Cu⁺, “Cupric” = Cu²⁺
- “Ferrous” = Fe²⁺, “Ferric” = Fe³⁺
- “Stannous” = Sn²⁺, “Stannic” = Sn⁴⁺
- “Mercuric” = Hg²⁺, “Mercurous” = Hg₂²⁺ (but here it’s mercuric → Hg²⁺)

#### 5. Acids
- Hydrosulfuric acid = `H₂S` (binary acid: H + nonmetal)
- Sulfuric acid would be `H₂SO₄`, but hydrosulfuric is the hydrogen sulfide acid.

#### 6. Prefixes in Molecular Compounds
- Diphosphorus pentoxide → `P₂O₅` (covalent compound — prefixes indicate atom counts)

#### 7. Bicarbonate / Bisulfate
- “Bi” often means “one H added” to the anion:
- `HCO₃⁻` = bicarbonate → `NaHCO₃`
- `HSO₄⁻` = bisulfate → `LiHSO₄`

#### 8. Parentheses for Polyatomic Ions >1
- When more than one polyatomic ion is needed, enclose it in parentheses.
- Example: `Al³⁺` + `NO₃⁻` → `Al(NO₃)₃`

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📌 Final Notes

- All formulas are written with lowest whole number ratios.
- Charges must sum to zero in neutral compounds.
- Some compounds like “cuprous hydroxide” (`CuOH`) are unstable or rarely isolated, but the formula follows naming rules.
- “Ammonium hydroxide” (`NH₄OH`) is often considered a misnomer (it’s really aqueous ammonia, NH₃(aq)), but it’s still commonly written this way in introductory chemistry.

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✔ You can now fill in all 33 boxes (11 rows × 3 columns) with the formulas above.

Let me know if you’d like a printable version or flashcards for memorization!