This worksheet helps students practice drawing orbital diagrams and writing longhand electron configurations for six different chemical elements.

Let’s solve this step by step.

We are given 6 elements: Mg, P, V, Ge, Kr, Sb.
For each, we need to:
1. Write the number of electrons (equal to atomic number for neutral atoms).
2. Draw the orbital diagram using the blanks provided (filling orbitals in order: 1s → 2s → 2p → 3s → 3p → 4s → 3d → etc.)
3. Write the longhand electron configuration (e.g., 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ ...)

We’ll go one by one.

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1. Magnesium (Mg)
Atomic number = 12 → 12 electrons
Order of filling: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s...
Fill as:
- 1s² (2)
- 2s² (4 total)
- 2p⁶ (10 total)
- 3s² (12 total) ← done

Orbital diagram:
Each blank represents an orbital. s subshell has 1 orbital, p has 3, d has 5.
So for Mg:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: empty
4s: empty
3d: empty

Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²

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2. Phosphorus (P)
Atomic number = 15 → 15 electrons
Fill:
- 1s² (2)
- 2s² (4)
- 2p⁶ (10)
- 3s² (12)
- 3p³ (15) ← stop here

Hund’s rule: fill each p orbital singly before pairing. So 3p: ↑ ↑ ↑ (one in each box)

Orbital diagram:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑ ↑ ↑
4s: empty
3d: empty

Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³

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3. Vanadium (V)
Atomic number = 23 → 23 electrons
Fill order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d
Note: 4s fills before 3d!

Breakdown:
- 1s² (2)
- 2s² (4)
- 2p⁶ (10)
- 3s² (12)
- 3p⁶ (18)
- 4s² (20)
- 3d³ (23) ← done

Orbital diagram:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4s: ↑↓
3d: ↑ ↑ ↑ _ _ (three unpaired electrons in first three d orbitals — Hund’s rule)

Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d³

Wait — actually, standard notation writes by shell, not fill order. But since the worksheet says “longhand”, and shows boxes in fill order, we write in fill order? Actually, no — longhand usually means written by principal quantum number. Let me check common practice.

Actually, most textbooks write electron configurations in order of increasing n, even if filled differently. But the worksheet gives boxes in fill order (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d), so they likely expect the configuration written in that same order? Or standard?

Looking at the worksheet layout: it lists orbitals in fill order (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d). So probably they want the configuration written in that sequence too — which is fine, because it's still correct as long as superscripts add up.

But traditionally, we write 3d before 4s when writing full config? No — actually, after filling, we often reorder by n. However, many intro classes accept either as long as numbers are right.

To be safe, let’s follow the order shown in the worksheet: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d.

So for V: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d³ — yes, that’s acceptable.

Some sources write [Ar] 4s² 3d³, but we need longhand — full version.

OK.

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4. Germanium (Ge)
Atomic number = 32 → 32 electrons
Fill order:
1s² (2)
2s² (4)
2p⁶ (10)
3s² (12)
3p⁶ (18)
4s² (20)
3d¹⁰ (30)
4p² (32) ← done

Orbital diagram:
Up to 3d¹⁰: all filled
4s: ↑↓
3d: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ (all paired)
4p: ↑ ↑ _ _ _ (two electrons, separate orbitals per Hund’s rule)

Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p²

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5. Krypton (Kr)
Atomic number = 36 → 36 electrons
Same as above, but 4p⁶ instead of 4p².

Fill:
...4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ → 2+10+6=18 from n=4 and below? Wait:

Total:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ → sum: 2+2+6+2+6+2+10+6 = 36 ✓

Orbital diagram:
All orbitals up to 4p are fully filled.

Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶

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6. Antimony (Sb)
Atomic number = 51 → 51 electrons
After Kr (36), next is Rb (37), Sr (38), then Y to Cd (fill 4d), then In to Xe (fill 5p).

So:
Kr core: 36 electrons
Then:
5s² (38)
4d¹⁰ (48)
5p³ (51) ← done

Full configuration:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³

Check sum:
2+2+6+2+6+2+10+6+2+10+3 = let’s compute:
First 8 terms (up to 4p⁶): 36
+5s² = 38
+4d¹⁰ = 48
+5p³ = 51 ✓

Orbital diagram:
All inner shells filled.
5s: ↑↓
4d: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ (full)
5p: ↑ ↑ ↑ (three unpaired, per Hund’s rule)

Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³

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Now, compiling final answers for each row:

Row 1: Mg
# e⁻: 12
Orbital Diagram:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: _ _ _
4s: _
3d: _ _ _ _ _
Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²

Row 2: P
# e⁻: 15
Orbital Diagram:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑ ↑ ↑
4s: _
3d: _ _ _ _ _
Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³

Row 3: V
# e⁻: 23
Orbital Diagram:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4s: ↑↓
3d: ↑ ↑ ↑ _ _
Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d³

Row 4: Ge
# e⁻: 32
Orbital Diagram:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4s: ↑↓
3d: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4p: ↑ ↑ _ _ _
Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p²

Row 5: Kr
# e⁻: 36
Orbital Diagram:
All orbitals up to 4p filled completely.
Specifically:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4s: ↑↓
3d: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶

Row 6: Sb
# e⁻: 51
Orbital Diagram:
Inner shells filled.
5s: ↑↓
4d: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
5p: ↑ ↑ ↑
(Other orbitals like 6s, 4f, etc. are empty — not shown beyond 3d in worksheet, but we only draw what’s listed)

The worksheet only shows up to 3d in the diagram area, but for Sb, we have 5s and 4d and 5p. The worksheet might imply we continue the pattern? Looking back at the image description — it says “use the patterns within the periodic table” and the diagram includes 1s through 3d, but for heavier elements, we must include higher orbitals.

Actually, looking at the original problem statement: “draw orbital diagrams ... for the following atoms” and the table has columns for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d — but for Sb, we need 5s, 4d, 5p. This suggests the worksheet expects us to extend beyond the printed labels? Or perhaps the diagram is just a template and we should fill all necessary orbitals.

Re-examining the user’s image description: it says “Orbital Diagram and Longhand Electron Configuration” with a grid showing blanks under 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d — but for elements beyond argon, we need more. For example, Kr requires 4p, which isn’t labeled in the diagram header? Wait, in the text representation, it says:

“1s __ 2s __ 2p __ __ __ 3s __ 3p __ __ __ 4s __ 3d __ __ __ __ __”

It doesn't show 4p or 5s etc. That’s a problem.

Perhaps the worksheet intends for students to know to add additional rows or understand that the diagram continues. Since this is a common type of worksheet, typically for elements up to Kr, they include 4p, and for Sb, they might expect 5s, 4d, 5p even if not explicitly drawn.

Given that, I think we should provide the full orbital diagram including necessary orbitals, even if not all are labeled in the initial sketch. Alternatively, maybe the "______" lines indicate space to write multiple orbitals.

To resolve: in standard pedagogy, when asked to draw orbital diagrams for these elements, you include all occupied orbitals up to the valence shell.

So for Sb, we need to show 5s, 4d, 5p.

Similarly, for Kr, we showed 4p.

In the answer, I'll specify the orbitals used.

Since the worksheet may have limited space, but logically, we must include them.

I think it's fine to proceed as planned.

Final compiled answers:

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Final Answer:

1. Mg
# e⁻: 12
Orbital Diagram:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: _ _ _
4s: _
3d: _ _ _ _ _
Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²

2. P
# e⁻: 15
Orbital Diagram:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑ ↑ ↑
4s: _
3d: _ _ _ _ _
Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³

3. V
# e⁻: 23
Orbital Diagram:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4s: ↑↓
3d: ↑ ↑ ↑ _ _
Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d³

4. Ge
# e⁻: 32
Orbital Diagram:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4s: ↑↓
3d: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4p: ↑ ↑ _ _ _
Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p²

5. Kr
# e⁻: 36
Orbital Diagram:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4s: ↑↓
3d: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶

6. Sb
# e⁻: 51
Orbital Diagram:
1s: ↑↓
2s: ↑↓
2p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3s: ↑↓
3p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4s: ↑↓
3d: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
4p: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
5s: ↑↓
4d: ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
5p: ↑ ↑ ↑
Electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³

Note: For orbital diagrams, arrows represent electrons; ↑↓ means paired, single arrow means unpaired. Empty spaces mean no electrons.