Let's classify each compound based on its
functional group(s). We'll go through each one step by step and identify the key functional group present.
---
1.
```
H H
| |
H - C - C - H
| |
H H
```
- This is a simple hydrocarbon with only single bonds between carbon atoms.
- No heteroatoms (like O, N, etc.) are present.
- All bonds are single:
C–C and
C–H.
✔ Functional Group: Alkane
---
2.
```
H H
| |
H - C - C - O - H
| |
H H
```
- The molecule has a
–OH (hydroxyl) group attached to a carbon.
- This is characteristic of an
alcohol.
✔ Functional Group: Alcohol
---
3.
```
H O
| ||
H - C - C - H
| |
H H
```
- There is a
carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the chain, bonded to a hydrogen.
- This is the
aldehyde functional group:
–CHO.
✔ Functional Group: Aldehyde
---
4.
```
H O H
| || |
H - C - C - C - H
| |
H H
```
- A carbonyl group (
C=O) is in the middle of the carbon chain, bonded to two carbon atoms.
- This is a
ketone.
✔ Functional Group: Ketone
---
5.
```
CH₃
|
HC=C
/ \
HC C=CH₂
\ /
HC=C
```
This structure is a
benzene ring with a methyl group (–CH₃) attached.
- Benzene rings are
aromatic systems.
- The presence of a benzene ring indicates
aromatic functional group.
✔ Functional Group: Aromatic
---
6.
```
H₃C H
\ /
C=O
/ \
H CH₃
```
- This is an ester: a
carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to an oxygen atom that is bonded to another carbon.
- Structure:
RCOO-R', where R = CH₃, R' = CH₃ → methyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate).
✔ Functional Group: Ester
---
7.
```
H O H
| || |
H - C - C - O - C - H
| | |
H H H
```
- A
carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to an
oxygen that is connected to another carbon.
- This is an
ester:
RCOO-R'
- Specifically, it looks like
methyl formate.
✔ Functional Group: Ester
---
8.
```
H O
| ||
H - C - C - O - H
| |
H H
```
- A
carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to a hydroxyl group (–OH).
- This is the
carboxylic acid functional group:
–COOH.
✔ Functional Group: Carboxylic Acid
---
✔ Final Answers:
| Number | Functional Group |
|--------|--------------------------|
| 1 | Alkane |
| 2 | Alcohol |
| 3 | Aldehyde |
| 4 | Ketone |
| 5 | Aromatic |
| 6 | Ester |
| 7 | Ester |
| 8 | Carboxylic Acid |
---
🔍 Summary:
-
Alkane: Only C–C and C–H single bonds.
-
Alcohol: –OH group.
-
Aldehyde: –CHO (C=O at end).
-
Ketone: C=O in middle of chain.
-
Aromatic: Benzene ring.
-
Ester: –COOR.
-
Carboxylic Acid: –COOH.
Let me know if you'd like help naming any of these!
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of functional groups worksheet.
