To solve the problem of naming the hydrocarbons using IUPAC nomenclature, we need to follow a systematic approach. Here's the step-by-step solution for each compound:
---
1.
Structure:
```
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
```
- This is a straight-chain alkane with 8 carbon atoms.
- The parent chain is
octane.
Name:
Octane
---
2.
Structure:
```
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
```
- This is a branched-chain alkane.
- The parent chain has 7 carbon atoms (heptane).
- There is a methyl group (CH3) at carbon 2.
Name:
2-methylheptane
---
3.
Structure:
```
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-C(CH3)2-CH3
```
- This is an alkene with a double bond.
- The parent chain has 6 carbon atoms (hexene).
- The double bond is between C-3 and C-4.
- There are two methyl groups (CH3) at C-5.
Name:
5,5-dimethyl-3-hexene
---
4.
Structure:
```
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
```
- This is an alkene with a double bond.
- The parent chain has 8 carbon atoms (octene).
- The double bond is between C-2 and C-3.
Name:
2-octene
---
5.
Structure:
```
CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(CH2CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
```
- This is a branched-chain alkane.
- The parent chain has 7 carbon atoms (heptane).
- There are substituents:
- A methyl group (CH3) at C-3.
- An ethyl group (CH2CH3) at C-4.
- A methyl group (CH3) at C-5.
Name:
3,5-dimethyl-4-ethylheptane
---
6.
Structure:
```
CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
```
- This is an alkene with a double bond.
- The parent chain has 6 carbon atoms (hexene).
- The double bond is between C-2 and C-3.
Name:
2-hexene
---
7.
Structure:
```
CH3-CH(C2H5)-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH3
```
- This is a branched-chain alkane.
- The parent chain has 6 carbon atoms (hexane).
- There are substituents:
- An ethyl group (C2H5) at C-2.
- Two methyl groups (CH3) at C-3.
Name:
2-ethyl-3,3-dimethylhexane
---
8.
Structure:
```
CH3-CO-CH2-CH2-CH3
```
- This is a ketone.
- The parent chain has 5 carbon atoms (pentanone).
- The carbonyl group (CO) is at C-2.
Name:
2-pentanone
---
Final Answers:
1.
Octane
2.
2-methylheptane
3.
5,5-dimethyl-3-hexene
4.
2-octene
5.
3,5-dimethyl-4-ethylheptane
6.
2-hexene
7.
2-ethyl-3,3-dimethylhexane
8.
2-pentanone
---
Boxed Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{
\begin{array}{ll}
1. & \text{Octane} \\
2. & \text{2-methylheptane} \\
3. & \text{5,5-dimethyl-3-hexene} \\
4. & \text{2-octene} \\
5. & \text{3,5-dimethyl-4-ethylheptane} \\
6. & \text{2-hexene} \\
7. & \text{2-ethyl-3,3-dimethylhexane} \\
8. & \text{2-pentanone} \\
\end{array}
}
\]
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of organic chemistry nomenclature practice worksheet.
