SOLUTION: 373158774 prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - Studypool - Free Printable

The image you've uploaded is a page from a biology worksheet, specifically focusing on cell structure, comparing animal and plant cells (Model 2). It includes questions and answers related to cellular components. Let's go through the content and explain the solutions in detail for clarity and understanding.

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🔍 Overview of the Worksheet

This worksheet uses visual models (diagrams) to teach students about:
- The internal structures of bacterial cells (Model 1, not shown here),
- And the differences between animal and plant cells (Model 2).

We’ll focus on Model 2, which shows side-by-side diagrams of an animal cell and a plant cell, with labeled organelles.

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✔ Answer Explanations

#### Question 5: All the internal structures are suspended (floating) in what substance?
> Answer: *Cytoplasm*

✔ Explanation:
The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside the cell membrane that holds all the organelles in place. It provides a medium for chemical reactions and helps transport materials within the cell.

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#### Question 6a: What is the tail-like structure called?
> Answer: *Flagellum*

✔ Explanation:
A flagellum is a long, whip-like appendage used by some bacteria and other cells for locomotion (movement). In bacteria, it rotates to help them swim toward nutrients or away from harmful substances.

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#### Question 6b: What might be the purpose of this structure?
> Answer: *It helps the cell to move*

✔ Explanation:
The flagellum acts like a propeller. When it spins, it pushes the bacterial cell forward through its environment. This allows the bacterium to move toward favorable conditions (e.g., food) or away from danger.

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#### Question 6c: What can you infer about the absence of this structure in the other two bacteria?
> Answer: *Other two cells would not move as much as the cell with flagellum*

✔ Explanation:
Since the flagellum enables movement, bacteria without one are likely non-motile or have limited mobility. They may rely on passive movement (like water currents) rather than active swimming.

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🌱 Model 2 – Animal and Plant Cells

This section compares two eukaryotic cells:

| Organelle | Present in Animal Cell? | Present in Plant Cell? |
|----------|-------------------------|------------------------|
| Nucleus | ✔ Yes | ✔ Yes |
| Mitochondria | ✔ Yes | ✔ Yes |
| Ribosomes | ✔ Yes | ✔ Yes |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | ✔ Yes | ✔ Yes |
| Golgi Apparatus | ✔ Yes | ✔ Yes |
| Lysosomes | ✔ Yes | ✘ No (usually) |
| Vacuole | Small, temporary | Large, permanent |
| Chloroplasts | ✘ No | ✔ Yes |
| Cell Wall | ✘ No | ✔ Yes |

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#### Question 7: List at least three structural differences (other than shape) between animal and plant cells.

> Answer:
> - Chloroplasts exist only in plant cells (for photosynthesis).
> - Large permanent vacuole is present in plant cells (maintains turgor pressure).
> - Cell wall is found in plant cells (made of cellulose; gives rigidity).
> - Lysosomes and vesicles are seen more prominently in animal cells.

✔ Explanation:
These differences reflect their functions:
- Plants make their own food → need chloroplasts.
- Plants need structural support → have cell walls.
- Plant cells store water and waste in a large central vacuole.
- Animal cells use lysosomes for digestion and recycling.

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#### Question 8: Where do you find the DNA in each cell in Model 2?

> Answer: *In the nucleus*

✔ Explanation:
Both animal and plant cells are eukaryotic, meaning they have a nucleus that houses the DNA. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane and contains chromosomes made of DNA and proteins.

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#### Question 9: Do both cells in Model 2 have a nucleus?

> Answer: *Yes*

✔ Explanation:
Both the animal and plant cells shown in Model 2 are eukaryotic cells, so they both contain a nucleus. This is a key feature distinguishing eukaryotes from prokaryotes (like bacteria), which lack a nucleus.

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🧠 Summary of Key Concepts

| Feature | Animal Cell | Plant Cell |
|--------|-------------|-----------|
| Cell Shape | Round/irregular | Rectangular/boxy |
| Cell Wall | ✘ No | ✔ Yes (cellulose) |
| Chloroplasts | ✘ No | ✔ Yes |
| Vacuole | Small, temporary | One large, permanent |
| Lysosomes | ✔ Yes | Rare or absent |
| Flagella | May have (in some cells) | Rare |
| Nucleus | ✔ Yes | ✔ Yes |
| DNA Location | Nucleus | Nucleus |

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💡 Final Thoughts

This worksheet teaches students to:
- Identify major organelles,
- Compare and contrast animal and plant cells,
- Understand how structure relates to function (e.g., chloroplasts = photosynthesis, flagellum = movement),
- Recognize that both types of cells are eukaryotic and share many features.

If you're studying for a biology test or learning cell biology, reviewing these differences and functions will be very helpful!

Let me know if you'd like a diagram summary or flashcards based on this!