Practice worksheet on geological terms and weathering types.

Task 1: Match the definition with the correct term

#### Definitions:
1. Time-period on Earth when glaciers caused erosion.
2. Rocks crashing into other rocks breaking off more particles.
3. Decomposing, breaking up, or changing the color of rocks.
4. Flat area of land that is higher than the land surrounding it.
5. Movement or rocks and sediment that have broken apart.
6. May include sand, rocks, pebbles, soil, dust, and other particles.
7. The person who studies rocks and minerals.
8. A natural feature of the Earth's surface.
9. The study of rocks and minerals.
10. The process of sediments reaching their destination.

#### Terms:
A. Abrasion
B. Deposition
C. Erosion
D. Geologist
E. Geology
F. Ice Age
G. Landform
H. Plateau
I. Sediments
J. Weathering

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#### Matching:
1. Time-period on Earth when glaciers caused erosion.
- This refers to a specific geological period characterized by widespread glaciation and erosion caused by glaciers.
- Answer: F. Ice Age

2. Rocks crashing into other rocks breaking off more particles.
- This describes the mechanical process where rocks collide and break into smaller pieces.
- Answer: A. Abrasion

3. Decomposing, breaking up, or changing the color of rocks.
- This involves the breakdown of rocks through chemical or physical processes, such as exposure to water, air, or biological activity.
- Answer: J. Weathering

4. Flat area of land that is higher than the land surrounding it.
- This describes a flat-topped elevated landform.
- Answer: H. Plateau

5. Movement or rocks and sediment that have broken apart.
- This refers to the movement of fragmented rock material due to forces like wind, water, or ice.
- Answer: C. Erosion

6. May include sand, rocks, pebbles, soil, dust, and other particles.
- These are materials that are transported and deposited by natural processes.
- Answer: I. Sediments

7. The person who studies rocks and minerals.
- This is a professional who specializes in the study of rocks, minerals, and geological processes.
- Answer: D. Geologist

8. A natural feature of the Earth's surface.
- This refers to any physical characteristic of the Earth's surface, such as mountains, valleys, or plains.
- Answer: G. Landform

9. The study of rocks and minerals.
- This is the scientific discipline that focuses on the Earth's structure, composition, and history.
- Answer: E. Geology

10. The process of sediments reaching their destination.
- This describes the deposition of sediments after they have been transported by natural forces.
- Answer: B. Deposition

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Final Answers for Task 1:

1. F
2. A
3. J
4. H
5. C
6. I
7. D
8. G
9. E
10. B

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Task 2: Tell whether each example is Chemical (C), Mechanical (M), or Biological (B) weathering.

#### Examples:
11. Baseball-sized hail began to smash against the hillside breaking apart the soil.
12. Salt water enters a rock, water dries, salt crystals grow and wedge the rock apart.
13. Minerals in rocks dissolve forming stalactites/stalagmites in a cave.
14. The tree roots are causing the concrete slabs of a sidewalk to break apart.
15. The wind and rain has caused damage to the tombstones in a cemetery.
16. A seed has found its way into a rock and a plant is beginning to split the small stone.
17. The pollution has recently been high, and acid rain is destroying some monuments.
18. A combination of fungi and algae grow upon the surface of a rock slowly "eating it away".
19. Flooding has caused a landslide and part of the hillside has been affected.
20. The salty water of the ocean is eating away the concrete support posts of the pier.

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#### Explanation of Weathering Types:
- Chemical Weathering (C): Involves the alteration of rock minerals through chemical reactions, such as dissolution, oxidation, or hydrolysis.
- Mechanical Weathering (M): Involves the physical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, such as through abrasion, freezing/thawing, or pressure release.
- Biological Weathering (B): Involves the breakdown of rocks due to the activities of living organisms, such as plant roots growing into cracks or microorganisms dissolving minerals.

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#### Classification:
11. Baseball-sized hail began to smash against the hillside breaking apart the soil.
- This is a physical process where hail physically breaks down the soil.
- Answer: M (Mechanical)

12. Salt water enters a rock, water dries, salt crystals grow and wedge the rock apart.
- This involves the growth of salt crystals, which exert pressure and cause physical breakdown.
- Answer: M (Mechanical)

13. Minerals in rocks dissolve forming stalactites/stalagmites in a cave.
- This involves the chemical dissolution of minerals in rocks.
- Answer: C (Chemical)

14. The tree roots are causing the concrete slabs of a sidewalk to break apart.
- This is a biological process where plant roots physically force apart the concrete.
- Answer: B (Biological)

15. The wind and rain has caused damage to the tombstones in a cemetery.
- This involves physical forces like wind and rain eroding the tombstones.
- Answer: M (Mechanical)

16. A seed has found its way into a rock and a plant is beginning to split the small stone.
- This is a biological process where plant roots physically break apart the rock.
- Answer: B (Biological)

17. The pollution has recently been high, and acid rain is destroying some monuments.
- Acid rain involves chemical reactions that dissolve and destroy rock surfaces.
- Answer: C (Chemical)

18. A combination of fungi and algae grow upon the surface of a rock slowly "eating it away".
- This involves biological organisms chemically breaking down the rock.
- Answer: B (Biological)

19. Flooding has caused a landslide and part of the hillside has been affected.
- This is a physical process where water causes the movement and breakdown of soil and rock.
- Answer: M (Mechanical)

20. The salty water of the ocean is eating away the concrete support posts of the pier.
- This involves the chemical reaction between saltwater and concrete, leading to corrosion.
- Answer: C (Chemical)

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Final Answers for Task 2:

11. M
12. M
13. C
14. B
15. M
16. B
17. C
18. B
19. M
20. C

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Final Answer:

Task 1:
\boxed{F, A, J, H, C, I, D, G, E, B}

Task 2:
\boxed{M, M, C, B, M, B, C, B, M, C}