Naming Ionic Compounds - Nomenclature Rules - Free Printable
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Step-by-step solution for: Naming Ionic Compounds - Nomenclature Rules
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Show Answer Key & Explanations
Step-by-step solution for: Naming Ionic Compounds - Nomenclature Rules
Here is the completed worksheet with correct names and formulas for each ionic compound, along with explanations for key cases.
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1. ZnCl₂
→ Zinc chloride
*Explanation:* Zinc (Zn) has only one common oxidation state (+2), so no Roman numeral is needed. Chloride is Cl⁻. Two Cl⁻ balance one Zn²⁺.
2. TiI₄
→ Titanium(IV) iodide
*Explanation:* Titanium is a transition metal with variable charge. Iodide is I⁻. Four I⁻ ions mean total negative charge = -4, so Ti must be +4 → Ti⁴⁺. Use Roman numeral (IV).
3. Ag₂SO₃
→ Silver sulfite
*Explanation:* Silver (Ag) typically has +1 charge. Sulfite is SO₃²⁻. Two Ag⁺ balance one SO₃²⁻. No Roman numeral needed for silver.
4. CaSO₄
→ Calcium sulfate
*Explanation:* Calcium (Ca) is alkaline earth metal, always +2. Sulfate is SO₄²⁻. Charges balance directly.
5. Mg₃P₂
→ Magnesium phosphide
*Explanation:* Magnesium (Mg) is +2, phosphide is P³⁻. Lowest common multiple of charges: 3×(+2) = 2×(-3) → Mg₃P₂.
6. K₂CO₃
→ Potassium carbonate
*Explanation:* Potassium (K) is +1, carbonate is CO₃²⁻. Two K⁺ balance one CO₃²⁻.
7. AlPO₄
→ Aluminum phosphate
*Explanation:* Aluminum (Al) is +3, phosphate is PO₄³⁻. Charges balance 1:1.
8. NH₄OH
→ Ammonium hydroxide
*Explanation:* NH₄⁺ is ammonium cation, OH⁻ is hydroxide anion. Classic ionic compound of polyatomic ions.
9. Co₃N₂
→ Cobalt(II) nitride
*Explanation:* Cobalt is transition metal. Nitride is N³⁻. Two N³⁻ = -6 total charge. Three Co ions → each must be +2 to balance → Co²⁺. So name is cobalt(II) nitride.
10. MgBr₂
→ Magnesium bromide
*Explanation:* Magnesium +2, bromide Br⁻. Two Br⁻ balance Mg²⁺.
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11. sodium hydroxide
→ NaOH
*Explanation:* Na⁺ and OH⁻ combine in 1:1 ratio.
12. copper(I) arsenide
→ Cu₃As
*Explanation:* Copper(I) = Cu⁺, arsenide = As³⁻. To balance charges: 3×(+1) = +3, 1×(-3) = -3 → Cu₃As.
13. beryllium chloride
→ BeCl₂
*Explanation:* Be²⁺ and Cl⁻ → need two Cl⁻ to balance one Be²⁺.
14. calcium oxide
→ CaO
*Explanation:* Ca²⁺ and O²⁻ → 1:1 ratio.
15. ammonium sulfite
→ (NH₄)₂SO₃
*Explanation:* NH₄⁺ and SO₃²⁻ → need two NH₄⁺ to balance one SO₃²⁻. Parentheses required around polyatomic ion.
16. iron(III) oxide
→ Fe₂O₃
*Explanation:* Fe³⁺ and O²⁻. LCM of 3 and 2 is 6 → 2 Fe³⁺ = +6, 3 O²⁻ = -6 → Fe₂O₃.
17. vanadium(V) phosphate
→ V₃(PO₄)₅
*Explanation:* V⁵⁺ and PO₄³⁻. LCM of 5 and 3 is 15 → 3 V⁵⁺ = +15, 5 PO₄³⁻ = -15 → V₃(PO₄)₅.
18. magnesium nitrate
→ Mg(NO₃)₂
*Explanation:* Mg²⁺ and NO₃⁻ → need two NO₃⁻ to balance Mg²⁺. Parentheses required.
19. silver cyanide
→ AgCN
*Explanation:* Ag⁺ and CN⁻ → 1:1 ratio. Silver is almost always +1.
20. calcium phosphate
→ Ca₃(PO₄)₂
*Explanation:* Ca²⁺ and PO₄³⁻. LCM of 2 and 3 is 6 → 3 Ca²⁺ = +6, 2 PO₄³⁻ = -6 → Ca₃(PO₄)₂.
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✔ Final Answer Table:
| # | Formula | Name | # | Name | Formula |
|---|--------------|-----------------------|---|-------------------------|----------------|
| 1 | ZnCl₂ | Zinc chloride | 11| sodium hydroxide | NaOH |
| 2 | TiI₄ | Titanium(IV) iodide | 12| copper(I) arsenide | Cu₃As |
| 3 | Ag₂SO₃ | Silver sulfite | 13| beryllium chloride | BeCl₂ |
| 4 | CaSO₄ | Calcium sulfate | 14| calcium oxide | CaO |
| 5 | Mg₃P₂ | Magnesium phosphide | 15| ammonium sulfite | (NH₄)₂SO₃ |
| 6 | K₂CO₃ | Potassium carbonate | 16| iron(III) oxide | Fe₂O₃ |
| 7 | AlPO₄ | Aluminum phosphate | 17| vanadium(V) phosphate | V₃(PO₄)₅ |
| 8 | NH₄OH | Ammonium hydroxide | 18| magnesium nitrate | Mg(NO₃)₂ |
| 9 | Co₃N₂ | Cobalt(II) nitride | 19| silver cyanide | AgCN |
|10 | MgBr₂ | Magnesium bromide | 20| calcium phosphate | Ca₃(PO₄)₂ |
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📌 Key Rules Applied:
- Metals with fixed charge (Group 1, 2, Al, Zn, Ag) → no Roman numerals.
- Transition metals with variable charge → use Roman numerals.
- Polyatomic ions: memorize names/formulas (e.g., sulfate = SO₄²⁻, nitrate = NO₃⁻).
- When writing formulas from names: cross charges to get subscripts, reduce if possible, use parentheses for polyatomic ions when subscript >1.
Let me know if you want flashcards or practice quizzes on this topic!
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Left Column: Given Formula → Write Name
1. ZnCl₂
→ Zinc chloride
*Explanation:* Zinc (Zn) has only one common oxidation state (+2), so no Roman numeral is needed. Chloride is Cl⁻. Two Cl⁻ balance one Zn²⁺.
2. TiI₄
→ Titanium(IV) iodide
*Explanation:* Titanium is a transition metal with variable charge. Iodide is I⁻. Four I⁻ ions mean total negative charge = -4, so Ti must be +4 → Ti⁴⁺. Use Roman numeral (IV).
3. Ag₂SO₃
→ Silver sulfite
*Explanation:* Silver (Ag) typically has +1 charge. Sulfite is SO₃²⁻. Two Ag⁺ balance one SO₃²⁻. No Roman numeral needed for silver.
4. CaSO₄
→ Calcium sulfate
*Explanation:* Calcium (Ca) is alkaline earth metal, always +2. Sulfate is SO₄²⁻. Charges balance directly.
5. Mg₃P₂
→ Magnesium phosphide
*Explanation:* Magnesium (Mg) is +2, phosphide is P³⁻. Lowest common multiple of charges: 3×(+2) = 2×(-3) → Mg₃P₂.
6. K₂CO₃
→ Potassium carbonate
*Explanation:* Potassium (K) is +1, carbonate is CO₃²⁻. Two K⁺ balance one CO₃²⁻.
7. AlPO₄
→ Aluminum phosphate
*Explanation:* Aluminum (Al) is +3, phosphate is PO₄³⁻. Charges balance 1:1.
8. NH₄OH
→ Ammonium hydroxide
*Explanation:* NH₄⁺ is ammonium cation, OH⁻ is hydroxide anion. Classic ionic compound of polyatomic ions.
9. Co₃N₂
→ Cobalt(II) nitride
*Explanation:* Cobalt is transition metal. Nitride is N³⁻. Two N³⁻ = -6 total charge. Three Co ions → each must be +2 to balance → Co²⁺. So name is cobalt(II) nitride.
10. MgBr₂
→ Magnesium bromide
*Explanation:* Magnesium +2, bromide Br⁻. Two Br⁻ balance Mg²⁺.
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Right Column: Given Name → Write Formula
11. sodium hydroxide
→ NaOH
*Explanation:* Na⁺ and OH⁻ combine in 1:1 ratio.
12. copper(I) arsenide
→ Cu₃As
*Explanation:* Copper(I) = Cu⁺, arsenide = As³⁻. To balance charges: 3×(+1) = +3, 1×(-3) = -3 → Cu₃As.
13. beryllium chloride
→ BeCl₂
*Explanation:* Be²⁺ and Cl⁻ → need two Cl⁻ to balance one Be²⁺.
14. calcium oxide
→ CaO
*Explanation:* Ca²⁺ and O²⁻ → 1:1 ratio.
15. ammonium sulfite
→ (NH₄)₂SO₃
*Explanation:* NH₄⁺ and SO₃²⁻ → need two NH₄⁺ to balance one SO₃²⁻. Parentheses required around polyatomic ion.
16. iron(III) oxide
→ Fe₂O₃
*Explanation:* Fe³⁺ and O²⁻. LCM of 3 and 2 is 6 → 2 Fe³⁺ = +6, 3 O²⁻ = -6 → Fe₂O₃.
17. vanadium(V) phosphate
→ V₃(PO₄)₅
*Explanation:* V⁵⁺ and PO₄³⁻. LCM of 5 and 3 is 15 → 3 V⁵⁺ = +15, 5 PO₄³⁻ = -15 → V₃(PO₄)₅.
18. magnesium nitrate
→ Mg(NO₃)₂
*Explanation:* Mg²⁺ and NO₃⁻ → need two NO₃⁻ to balance Mg²⁺. Parentheses required.
19. silver cyanide
→ AgCN
*Explanation:* Ag⁺ and CN⁻ → 1:1 ratio. Silver is almost always +1.
20. calcium phosphate
→ Ca₃(PO₄)₂
*Explanation:* Ca²⁺ and PO₄³⁻. LCM of 2 and 3 is 6 → 3 Ca²⁺ = +6, 2 PO₄³⁻ = -6 → Ca₃(PO₄)₂.
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✔ Final Answer Table:
| # | Formula | Name | # | Name | Formula |
|---|--------------|-----------------------|---|-------------------------|----------------|
| 1 | ZnCl₂ | Zinc chloride | 11| sodium hydroxide | NaOH |
| 2 | TiI₄ | Titanium(IV) iodide | 12| copper(I) arsenide | Cu₃As |
| 3 | Ag₂SO₃ | Silver sulfite | 13| beryllium chloride | BeCl₂ |
| 4 | CaSO₄ | Calcium sulfate | 14| calcium oxide | CaO |
| 5 | Mg₃P₂ | Magnesium phosphide | 15| ammonium sulfite | (NH₄)₂SO₃ |
| 6 | K₂CO₃ | Potassium carbonate | 16| iron(III) oxide | Fe₂O₃ |
| 7 | AlPO₄ | Aluminum phosphate | 17| vanadium(V) phosphate | V₃(PO₄)₅ |
| 8 | NH₄OH | Ammonium hydroxide | 18| magnesium nitrate | Mg(NO₃)₂ |
| 9 | Co₃N₂ | Cobalt(II) nitride | 19| silver cyanide | AgCN |
|10 | MgBr₂ | Magnesium bromide | 20| calcium phosphate | Ca₃(PO₄)₂ |
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📌 Key Rules Applied:
- Metals with fixed charge (Group 1, 2, Al, Zn, Ag) → no Roman numerals.
- Transition metals with variable charge → use Roman numerals.
- Polyatomic ions: memorize names/formulas (e.g., sulfate = SO₄²⁻, nitrate = NO₃⁻).
- When writing formulas from names: cross charges to get subscripts, reduce if possible, use parentheses for polyatomic ions when subscript >1.
Let me know if you want flashcards or practice quizzes on this topic!
Parent Tip: Review the logic above to help your child master the concept of writing ionic formulas worksheet.
